Method of using substituted N-benzyl-N-phenyl aminoalcohols for inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to use of substituted aromatic polycyclic tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds as inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; plasma lipid transfer protein-I) and compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases. Preferred substituted aromatic polycyclic tertiary-heteroalkylamine compounds are substituted N-benzyl-N-phenyl aminoalcohols. A preferred specific N-benzyl-N-phenyl aminoalcohol is the compound:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is in the field of treating cardiovascular disease, and specifically relates to compounds, compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis and other coronary artery disease. More particularly, the invention relates to substituted aromatic policyclic tertiay-heteroalkylamine compounds that inhibit cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), also known as plasma lipid transfer protein-I.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Numerous studies have demonstrated that a low plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a powerful risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis (Barter and Rye, Atherosclerosis, 121, 1-12 (1996)). HDL is one of the major classes of lipoproteins that function in the transport of lipids through the blood. The major lipids found associated with HDL include cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglycerides, phospholipids and fatty acids. The other classes of lipoproteins found in the blood are low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Since low levels of HDL cholesterol increase the risk of atherosclerosis, methods for elevating plasma HDL cholesterol would be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of atherosclerosis and other diseases associated with accumulation of lipid in the blood vessels. These diseases include, but are not limited to, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke.

Atherosclerosis underlies most coronary artery disease (CAD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society. High LDL cholesterol (above 180 mg/dl) and low HDL cholesterol (below 35 mg/dl) have been shown to be important contributors to the development of atherosclerosis. Other diseases, such as peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and hypercholesterolaemia are negatively affected by adverse HDL/LDL ratios. Inhibition of CETP by the subject compounds is shown to effectively modify plasma HDL/LDL ratios, and to check the progress and/or formation of these diseases.

CETP is a plasma protein that facilitates the movement of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between the various lipoproteins in the blood (Tall, J. Lipid Res., 34, 1255-74 (1993)). The movement of cholesteryl ester from HDL to LDL by CETP has the effect of lowering HDL cholesterol. It therefore follows that inhibition of CETP should lead to elevation of plasma HDL cholesterol and lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol, thereby providing a therapeutically beneficial plasma lipid profile (McCarthy, Medicinal Res. Revs., 13, 139-59 (1993); Sitori, Pharmac. Ther., 67,443-47 (1995)). This exact phenomenon was first demonstrated by Swenson et al., (J. Biol. Chem., 264, 14318 (1989)) with the use of a monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibited CETP. In rabbits, the antibody caused an elevation of the plasma HDL cholesterol and a decrease in LDL cholesterol. Son et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 795, 743-480 (1984)), Morton et al. (J. Lipid Res. 35, 836-847 (1994)) and Tollefson et al. (Am. J. Physiol., 255, (Endocrinol. Metab. 18, E894-E902 (1988))) describe proteins from human plasma that inhibit CETP. U.S. Pat. No. 5,519,001, issued to Kushwaha et al., describes a 36 amino acid peptide derived from baboon apo C-1 that inhibits CETP activity. Cho et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1391, 133-144 (1998)) describe a peptide from hog plasma that inhibits human CETP. Bonin et al. (J. Peptide Res., 51, 216-225 (1998)) disclose a decapeptide inhibitor of CETP. A depsipeptide fungal metabolite is disclosed as a CETP inhibitor by Hedge et al. in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 1277-80 (1998).

There have been several reports of non-peptidic compounds that act as CETP inhibitors. Barrett et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 188, 7863-63 (1996)) and Kuo et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 10629-34 (1995)) describe cyclopropane-containing CETP inhibitors. Pietzonka et al. (Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett, 6, 1951-54 (1996)) describe phosphonate-containing analogs of cholesteryl ester as CETP inhibitors. Coval et al. (Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 5, 605-610 (1995)) describe Wiedendiol-A and -B, and related sesquiterpene compounds as CETP inhibitors. Japanese Patent Application No. 10287662-A describes polycyclic, non-amine containing, polyhydroxylic natural compounds possessing CETP inhibition properties. Lee et al. (J. Antibiotics, 49, 693-96 (1996)) describe CETP inhibitors derived from an insect fungus. Busch et al. (Lipids, 25, 216-220, (1990)) describe cholesteryl acetyl bromide as a CETP inhibitor. Morton and Zilversmit (J. Lipid Res., 35, 836-47 (1982)) describe that p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and ethyl mercurithiosalicylate inhibit CETP. Connolly et al. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 223, 4247 (1996)) describe other cysteine modification reagents as CETP inhibitors. Xia et al. describe 1,3,5-triazines as CETP inhibitors (Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 6, 919-22 (1996)). Bisgaier et al. (Lipids, 29, 811-8 (1994)) describe 4-phenyl-5-tridecyl4H-1,2,4-triazole-thiol as a CETP inhibitor. Oomura et al. disclose non-peptidic tetracyclic and hexacyclic phenols as CETP inhibitors in Japanese Patent Application No. 10287662. In WO Patent Application No. 09914204, Sikorski describes 1,2,4-triazolylthiols useful as chlolesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors.

Some substituted heteroalkylamine compounds are known. In European Patent Application No. 796846, Schmidt et al. describe 2-aryl-substituted pyridines as cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors useful as cardiovascular agents. One substitutent at C3 of the pyridine ring can be an hydroxyalkyl group. In European Patent Application No. 801060, Dow and Wright describe heterocyclic derivatives substituted with an aldehyde addition product of an alkylamine to afford 1-hydroxy-1-amines. These are reported to be β3-adrenergic receptor agonists useful for treating diabetes and other disorders. In Great Britain Patent Application No. 2305665, Fisher et al. disclose 3-agonist secondary amino alcohol substituted pyridine derivatives useful for treating several disorders including cholesterol levels and artherosclerotic diseases. In European Patent Application No. 818448, Schmidt et al. describe tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as chlolesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors. European Patent Application No. 818197, Schmek et al. describe pyridines with fused heterocycles as cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors. Brandes et al. in German Patent Application No. 19627430 describe bicyclic condensed pyridine derivatives as cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors. In WO Patent Application No. 09839299, Muller-Gliemann et al. describe quinoline derivatives as cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors. U.S. Pat. No. 2,700,686, issued to Dickey and Towne, describes N-(2-haloalkyl-2-hydroxyethyl)amines in which the amine is further substituted with either 1 to 2 aliphatic groups or one aromatic group and one aliphatic group. U.S. Pat. No. 2,700,686 further describes a process to prepare the N-(2-haloalkyl-2-hydroxyethyl)amines by reacting halogenated-1,2-epoxyalkanes with the corresponding aliphatic amines and N-alkylanilines and their use as dye intermediates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides compounds that can be used to inhibit cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and that have the general structure:

In another aspect, the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compounds of this invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In another aspect, this invention relates to methods of using these inhibitors as therapeutic agents in humans to inhibit cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, thereby decreasing the concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and raising the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL), resulting in a therapeutically beneficial plasma lipid profile. The compounds and methods of this invention can also be used to treat dyslipidemia (hypoalphalipoproteinemia), hyperlipoproteinaemia (chylomicronemia and hyperapobetalipoproteinemia), peripheral vascular disease, hypercholesterolaemia, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and other CETP-mediated disorders. The compounds can also be used in prophylactic treatment of subjects who are at risk of developing such disorders. The compounds can be used to lower the risk of atherosclerosis. The compounds of this invention would be also useful in prevention of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or stroke. Besides being useful for human treatment, these compounds are also useful for veterinary treatment of companion animals, exotic animals and farm animals such as primates, rabbits, pigs, horses, and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a class of compounds comprising substituted aromatic policyclic tertiary-heteroalkylamines which are beneficial in the therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of coronary artery disease as given in Formula VII-H (also referred to herein as generic substituted aromatic polycyclic tertiary 2-heteroalkylamines):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

n is an integer selected from 0 through 5;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl, carboaralkoxy;

X is selected from the group consisting of O, H, F, S, S(O), NH, N(OH), N(alkyl), and N(alkoxy);

R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido and a spacer selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and a linear spacer moiety having from 1 through 4 contiguous atoms linked to the point of bonding of an aromatic substituent selected from the group consisting of R₄, R₈, R₉, R₁₃, R₁₄, and R₁₅ to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 10 contiguous members with the proviso there is no R₁₆ wherein X is H or F;

D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is a covalent bond, no more than one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is O, no more than one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is S, on D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ must be a covalent bond when two of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are O and S, and no more than four of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are N;

D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is a covalent bond, no more than one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is O, no more than one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is S, on D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ must be a covalent bond when two of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are O and S, and no more than four of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are N;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsufonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl, carboaralkoxy, dialkoxyphosphono, diaralkoxyphosphono, dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl;

R₂ and R₃ can be taken together to form a linear spacer moiety selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and a moiety having from 1 through 6 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl having from 4 through 8 contiguous members;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, aryloxy, hydroxyalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, acyl, sulfhydryl, acylamido, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio, aralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsufonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl, carboaralkoxy, dialkoxyphosphono, diaralkoxyphosphono, dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl;

Y is selected from a group consisting of a covalent single bond, (C(R₁₄)₂)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 4 and (CH(R₁₄))_(g)—W—(CH(R₁₄))_(p) wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 2;

R₁₄ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, sulfhydryl, acylamido, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkylalkoxy, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxythioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsufonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl, carboaralkoxy, dialkoxyphosphono, diaralkoxyphosphono, dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl, a spacer selected from a moiety having a chain length of 3 to 6 atoms connected to the point of bonding selected from the group consisting of R₉ and R₁₃ to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members and a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a spacer selected from a moiety having a chain length of 2 to 5 atoms connected to the point of bonding selected from the group consisting of R₄ and R₈ to form a heterocyclyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members with the proviso that, when Y is a covalent bond, an R₁₄ substituent is not attached to Y;

R₁₄ and R₁₅ are taken together to form a spacer selected from a moiety having a chain length of 2 to 5 atoms to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;

W is selected from the group consisting of O, C(O), C(S), C(O)N(R₁₄), C(S)N(R₁₄), (R₁₄)NC(O), (R₁₄)NC(S), S, S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R₁₄, (R₁₄)NS(O)₂, and N(R₁₄) with the proviso that R₁₄ is selected from other than halo and cyano;

Z is independently selected from a group consisting of a covalent single bond, (C(R₁₅)₂)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 4, (CH(R₁₅))_(j)—W—(CH(R₁₅))_(k) wherein j and k are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 with the proviso that, when Z is a covalent single bond, an R₁₅ substituent is not attached to Z;

R₁₅ is independently selected, when Z is (C(R₁₅)₂)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 4, from the group consisting of hydrido, .hydroxy, halo, cyano, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, sulfhydryl, acylamido, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsufonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl, carboaralkoxy, dialkoxyphosphono, diaralkoxyphosphono, dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl, a spacer selected from a moiety having a chain length of 3 to 6 atoms connected to the point of bonding selected from the group consisting of R₄ and R₈ to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members and a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a spacer selected from a moiety having a chain length of 2 to 5 atoms connected to the point of bonding selected from the group consisting of R₉ and R₁₃ to form a heterocyclyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;

R₁₅ can be independently selected, when Z is (CH(R₁₅))_(j)—W—(CH(R₁₅))_(k) wherein j and k are integers independently selected from 0 through 2, from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, cyano, aryloxy, carboxyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, acylamido, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsufonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl, carboaralkoxy, dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl, a spacer selected from a linear moiety having a chain length of 3 to 6 atoms connected to the point of bonding selected from the group consisting of R₄ and R₈ to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members and a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a spacer selected from a linear moiety having a chain length of 2 to 5 atoms connected to the point of bonding selected from the group consisting of R₉ and R₁₃ to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;

R₄, R₅, R₆, R₇, R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, alkanoylalkyl, alkanoylalkoxy, alkanoyloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, carboxamidoalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkenyloxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, N-alkylcarboxamido, N-haloalkylcarboxamido, N-cycloalkylcarboxamido, N-arylcarboxamidoalkoxy, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, carboxy, heteroaralkylthio, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylalkyl, acylalkoxy, aroylalkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heterocyclyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl,haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heterocyclylthio, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, heteroaralkynyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, alkoxycarboxamido, alkylamidocarbonylamido, arylamidocarbonylamido, carboalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkenyl, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl with the provisos that R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from other than hydrido, and R₄, R₅, R₆, R₇, R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, and R₁₃ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R₄ and R₅, R₅ and R₆, R₆ and R₇, R₇ and R₈, R₉ and R₁₀, R₁₀ and R₁₁, R₁₁ and R₁₂, and R₁₂ and R₁₃ can be independently selected to form spacer pairs wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the provisos that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R₄ and R₅, R₅ and R₆, R₆ and R₇, and R₇ and R₈, is used at the same time and that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R₉ and R₁₀, R₁₀ and R₁₁, R₁₁ and R₁₂, and R₁₂ and R₁₃ is used at the same time;

R₄ and R₉, R₄ and R₁₃, R₈ and R₉, and R₈ and R₁₃ can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein said spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety wherein said linear moiety forms a ring selected from the group consisting of a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members and a heteroaryl ring having from 5 through 6 contiguous members with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R₄ and R₉, R₄ and R₁₃, R₈ and R₉, and R₈ and R₁₃ is used at the same time.

In another embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-H,

D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are each carbon with the proviso that at least one of D₃, D₄, J_(3, J) ₄ and K₂ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N, wherein D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is a covalent bond, no more than one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is O, no more than one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is S, one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ must be a covalent bond when two of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are O and S, and no more than four of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are N;

D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ can be selected from the group consisting of C, O, S, N and covalent bond with the provisos that D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are each carbon and at least one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N wherein, when D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are selected from the group consisting of C, O, S, covalent bond, and N, no more than one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is a covalent bond, no more than one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is O, no more than one of D₁, D₂, J³, J₂ and K₁ is S, on D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ must be a covalent bond when two of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are O and S, and no more than four of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are N;

n is an integer selected from 0 through 4;

X is selected from the group consisting of O, H, F, S, S(O), NH, N(OH), N(alkyl), and N(alkoxy);

R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido and a spacer selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and a linear spacer moiety having a chain length of 1 to 4 atoms linked to the point of bonding of any aromatic substituent selected from the group consisting of R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 10 contiguous members;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, and carboaralkoxy;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl, and carboaralkoxy;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and cycloalkenylalkyl;

Y is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond and (C(R₁₄)₂)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 2;

R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, (C(R₁₅)₂)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and (CH(R₁₅))_(j)—W—(CH(R₁₅))_(k) wherein j and k are integers independently selected from 0 through 2;

W is selected from the group consisting of O, C(O), C(S), C(O)N(R₁₄), C(S)N(R₁₄, (R₁₄)NC(O), (R₁₄)NC(S), S, S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R₁₄), (R₁₄)NS(O)₂, and N(R₁₄) with the proviso that R₁₄ is other than cyano;

R₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, and carboxamidoalkyl;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, haloalkyl, and alkyl;

R₅, R₆, R₇, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, alkanoylalkyl, alkanoylalkoxy, alkanoyloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, carboxamidoalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkenyloxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, N-alkylcarboxamido, N-haloalkylcarboxamido, N-cycloalkylcarboxamido, N-arylcarboxamidoalkoxy, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, carboxy, heteroaralkylthio, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylalkyl, acylalkoxy, aroylalkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heterocyclyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl,haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heterocyclylthio, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, heteroaralkynyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, alkoxycarboxamido, alkylamidocarbonylamido, arylamidocarbonylamido, carboalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkenyl, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl with the proviso that R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from other than hydrido;

R₄ and R₅, R₅ and R₆, R₆ and R₇, R₇ and R₈, R₉ and R₁₀, R₁₀ and R₁₁, R₁₁ and R₁₂, and R₁₂ and R₁₃ are independently selected to form spacer pairs wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the provisos that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R₄ and R₅, R₅ and R₆, R₆ and R₇, and R₇ and R₈, is used at the same time and that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R₉ and R₁₀, R₁₀ and R₁₁, R₁₁ and R₁₂, and R₁₂ and R₁₃ is used at the same time.

In a preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-H, D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are each carbon with the proviso that at least one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N, wherein D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is a covalent bond, no more than one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is O, no more than one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ is S, one of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ must be a covalent bond when two of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are O and S, and no more than four of D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are N;

D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are selected from the group consisting of C, O, S, N and covalent bond with the provisos that D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are each carbon and at least one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N wherein, when D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are selected from the group consisting of C, O, S, covalent bond, and N, no more than one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is a covalent bond, no more than one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is O, no more than one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ is S, one of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ must be a covalent bond when two of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are O and S, and no more than four of D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are N;

n is an integer selected from 1 and 2;

X is oxy;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, and carboalkoxy;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, carboalkoxy, and heteroaralkyl;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and cycloalkenylalkyl;

Y is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and alkylene;

Z is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and alkylene;

R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and halo;

R₅, R₆, R₇, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, carboxamidoalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkenyloxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, N-arylcarboxamidoalkoxy, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, alkylthio, arylamino, arylthio, aroyl, arylsulfonyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, heteroaryloxy, alkoxy, aralkyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkylalkanoyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylthio, hydroxyhaloalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthio, and heteroarylsulfonyl with the proviso that R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from other than hydrido.

In a more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-H,

D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are each carbon;

D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and covalent bond to form a heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting of 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a ring carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R₉ or R₁₃, a ring carbon atom adjacent to the R₉ position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R₁₀, a ring carbon atom adjacent to the R₁₃ position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R₁₂, and a ring carbon atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R₁₀ and R₁₂ positions may be substituted with R₁₁;

n is the integer 1;

X is oxy;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C2-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaralkyl;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C1-C2 alkyl, C2 alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaralkyl;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, and haloalkyl;

Y is alkylene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₁₄ is hydrido;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and halo;

R₅, R₆, R₇, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, alkylthio, arylamino, arylthio, aroyl, arylsulfonyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, heteroaryloxy, alkoxy, aralkyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkylalkanoyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylthio, hydroxyhaloalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, and heteroaryloxyalkyl with the proviso that R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from other than hydrido.

In another more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-H,

D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are each carbon;

D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond to form a heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting of 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a ring carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R₄ or R₈, a ring carbon atom adjacent to the R₄ position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R₅, a ring carbon atom adjacent to the R₈ position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R₇, and a ring carbon atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R₅ and R₇ positions may be substituted with R₆;

n is the integer 1;

X is oxy;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C2-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaralkyl;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C1-C2 alkyl, C2 alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaralkyl;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, and haloalkyl;

Y is alkylene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₁₄ is hydrido;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and halo;

R₅, R₆, R₇, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, alkylthio, arylamino, arylthio, aroyl, arylsulfonyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, heteroaryloxy, alkoxy, aralkyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkylalkanoyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylthio, hydroxyhaloalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, and heteroaryloxyalkyl with the proviso that R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from other than hydrido.

In a more preferred more specific embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-H,

D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are each carbon;

D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and covalent bond to form a heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting of 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a ring carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R₉ or R₁₃, a ring carbon atom adjacent to the R₉ position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R₁₀, a ring carbon atom adjacent to the R₁₃ position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R₁₂, and a ring carbon atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R₁₀ and R₁₂ positions may be substituted with R₁₁;

n is the integer 1;

X is oxy;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, isopropyl, propyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, phenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, and hydroxymethyl;

R₃ is hydrido;

Y is methylene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro;

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy,3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy;

R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-furyl, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethylthio;

R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of fluoro and hydrido;

R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro.

In another more preferred specific embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-H,

D₃, D₄, J₃, J₄ and K₂ are each carbon;

D₁, D₂, J₁, J₂ and K₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond to form a heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting of 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a ring carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R₄ or R₈, a ring carbon atom adjacent to the R₄ position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R₅, a ring carbon atom adjacent to the R₈ position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R₇, and a ring carbon atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R₅ and R₇ positions may be substituted with R₆;

n is the integer 1;

X is oxy;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, isopropyl, propyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, phenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, and hydroxymethyl;

R₃ is hydrido;

Y is methylene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro;

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy;

R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-furyl, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethylthio;

R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of fluoro and hydrido;

R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro.

In a preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-H, the compounds correspond to the Formula VII (also referred to herein as generic phenyl tertiary 2-heteroalkylamines):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

n is an integer selected from 0 through 4;

X is selected from the group consisting of O, H, F, S, S(O), NH, N(OH), N(alkyl), and N(alkoxy) with the proviso that there is no R₁₆ when X is selected from H or F;

R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido and a spacer selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and a linear spacer moiety having a chain length of 1 to 4 atoms linked to the point of bonding of any aromatic substituent selected from the group consisting of R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 10 contiguous members;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, and carboaralkoxy;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl, and carboaralkoxy;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and cycloalkenylalkyl;

Y is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond and (C(R₁₄)₂)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 2;

R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, (C(R₁₅)₂)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and (CH(R₁₅))_(j)—W—(CH(R₁₅))_(k) wherein j and k are integers independently selected from 0 through 2;

W is selected from the group consisting of O, C(O), C(S), C(O)N(R₁₄), C(S)N(R₁₄), (R₁₄)NC(O), (R₁₄)NC(S), S, S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R₁₄), (R₁₄)NS(O)₂, and N(R₁₄) with the proviso that R₁₄ is other than cyano;

R₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, and carboxamidoalkyl;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, haloalkyl, and alkyl;

R₅, R₆, R₇, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, alkanoylalkyl, alkanoylalkoxy, alkanoyloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, carboxamidoalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkenyloxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, N-alkylcarboxamido, N-haloalkylcarboxamido, N-cycloalkylcarboxamido, N-arylcarboxamidoalkoxy, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, carboxy, heteroaralkylthio, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylalkyl, acylalkoxy, aroylalkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heterocyclyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl,haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heterocyclylthio, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, heteroaralkynyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, alkoxycarboxamido, alkylamidocarbonylamido, arylamidocarbonylamido, carboalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkenyl, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl with the proviso that R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from other than hydrido;

R₄ and R₅, R₅ and R₆, R₆ and R₇, R₇ and R₈, R₉ and R₁₀, R₁₀ and R₁₁, R₁₁ and R₁₂, and R₁₂ and R₁₃ are independently selected to form spacer pairs wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the provisos that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R₄ and R₅, R₅ and R₆, R₆ and R₇, and R₇ and R₈, is used at the same time and that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R₉ and R₁₀, R₁₀ and R₁₁, R₁₁ and R₁₂, and R₁₂ and R₁₃ is used at the same time.

In a preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula VII, compounds have the Formula VII-2:

wherein;

n is an integer selected from 1 through 2;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, and carboalkoxy; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, carboalkoxy, and heteroaralkyl;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and cycloalkenylalkyl;

Y is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and alkylene;

Z is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and alkylene;

R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and halo;

R₅, R₆, R₇, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, carboxamidoalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkenyloxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, N-arylcarboxamidoalkoxy, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, alkylthio, arylamino, arylthio, aroyl, arylsulfonyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, heteroaryloxy, alkoxy, aralkyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkylalkanoyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylthio, hydroxyhaloalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthio, and heteroarylsulfonyl with the proviso that R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from other than hydrido.

In a more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-2,

n is the integer 1;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C2-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaralkyl;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C1-C2 alkyl, C2 alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaralkyl;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, and haloalkyl;

Y is alkylene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₁₄ is hydrido;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and halo;

R₅, R₆, R₇, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, alkylthio, arylamino, arylthio, aroyl, arylsulfonyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, heteroaryloxy, alkoxy, aralkyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkylalkanoyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylthio, hydroxyhaloalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, and heteroaryloxyalkyl with the proviso that R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from other than hydrido.

In a specific preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-2,

n is the integer 1;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, propyl, hexyl, benzyl, phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, methoxycarbonyl, vinyl, methoxymethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, vinyl, phenyl, methoxycarbonyl, benzyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, pentafluorophenyl, and 3-trifluoromethylphenyl;

Y is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, and ethylidene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro;

R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from the group consisting of 4-aminophenoxy, benzoyl, benzyl, benzyloxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-2-nitrophenoxy, 3-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromophenoxy, 5-bromopyrid-2-yloxy, 4-butoxyphenoxy, chloro, 3-chlorobenzyl, 2-chlorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyloxy, 3-chlorobenzyloxy, 4-chlorobenzyloxy, 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy, 2-chloro4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 3-chloro-4ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenylamino, 5-chloropyrid-3-yloxy, 2-cyanopyrid-3-yloxy, 4-cyanophenoxy, cyclobutoxy, cyclobutyl, cyclohexoxy, cyclohexylmethoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethoxy, cyclopropoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorobenzyl, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,3-difluorobenzyloxy, 2,4-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,4-difluorobenzyloxy, 2,5-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorobenzyloxy, 4-difluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 2,3-difluorophenoxy, 2,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy, 3-dimethylaminophenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylbenzyl, 3,4-dimethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-dimethylbenzyloxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1,3-dioxan-2-yl, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, ethoxy, 4-ethoxyphenoxy, 4-ethylbenzyloxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 4-ethylaminophenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, fluoro, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxy, 2-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 3-fluoro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-fluorophenoxy, 3-fluoro-2-nitrophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 2-fluorobenzyloxy, 4-fluorophenylamino, 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yloxy, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl, 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, 3-iodobenzyloxy, isobutyl, isobutylamino, isobutoxy, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, isopropoxy, isopropyl, 4-isopropylbenzyloxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 4-isopropylphenoxy, isopropylthio, 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenoxy, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 4-methoxycarbonylbutoxy, 3-methoxycarbonylprop-2-enyloxy, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenylamino, 4-methoxyphenylamino, 3-methylbenzyloxy, 4-methylbenzyloxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-methyltmethylthiophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpyrid-5-yloxy, 4-methylthiophenoxy, 2-naphthyloxy, 2-nitrophenoxy, 4-nitrophenoxy, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenylthio, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropyl, phenoxy, phenylamino, 1-phenylethoxy, phenylsulfonyl, 4-propanoylphenoxy, propoxy, 4-propylphenoxy, 4-propoxyphenoxy, thiophen-3-yl, sec-butyl, 4-sec-butylphenoxy,tert-butoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 4-tert-butylphenoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 2,3,5-trifluorobenzyloxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2,4-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, 2,3,4-trifluorophenoxy, 2,3,4-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenoxy, 3,4,5-trimethylphenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy, and trifluoromethylthio;

R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, hydrido, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy;

R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl.

In a more specific more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-2,

n is the integer 1;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, isopropyl, isobutyl, propyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, phenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, propyl, phenyl, benzyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

Y is methylene;

Z is a covalent single bond;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro;

R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from the group consisting of benzyloxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-3-fluorophenoxy, 3-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromophenoxy, 4-butoxyphenoxy, 3-chlorobenzyloxy, 2-chlorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 3-chloro-4-ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenylamino, 5-chloropyrid-3-yloxy, cyclobutoxy, cyclobutyl, cyclohexylmethoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclopropylmethoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorobenzyl, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,3-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,5-difluorobenzyloxy, difluoromethoxy, 3,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorophenoxy, 2,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy, 3-dimethylaminophenoxy, 3,4-dimethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-dimethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, 3-ethylbenzyloxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 4-ethylaminophenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxy, 2-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 3-fluoro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-fluorophenoxy, 3-fluoro-2-nitrophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 2-fluorobenzyloxy, 4-fluorophenylamino, 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl, 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, isobutoxy, isobutyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, isopropoxy, 3-isopropylbenzyloxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, isopropylthio, 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenoxy, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 4-methoxyphenylamino, 3-methylbenzyloxy, 4-methylbenxyloxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-methylmethylthiophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpyrid-5-yloxy, 4-methylthiophenoxy, 2-naphthyloxy, 2-nitrophenoxy, 4-nitrophenoxy, 3-nitrophenyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropyl, phenoxy, phenylamino, 1-phenylethoxy, 4-propylphenoxy, 4-propoxyphenoxy, thiophen-3-yl,tert-butoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 4-tert-butylphenoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2,3,4-trifluorophenoxy, 2,3,5-trifluorophenoxy, 3,4,5-trimethylphenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, and trifluoromethylthio;

R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, hydrido, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, and trifluoromethyl;

R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl.

In a specific even more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-2,

n is the integer 1;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, isopropyl, propyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, phenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, and hydroxymethyl;

R₃ is hydrido;

Y is methylene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro;

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy,3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy;

R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-furyl, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethylthio;

R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of fluoro and hydrido;

R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro.

In another embodiment of compounds of Formula VII, compounds have the formula Cyclo-VII:

wherein;

n is the integer 1;

X is selected from the group consisting of O, NH, and S;

R₁₆ is taken together with R₄, R₈, R₉, or R₁₃ to form a spacer selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, CH₂, CH(CH₃), CF₂, C(O), C(S), and SO₂;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, isopropyl, propyl, isobutyl, hexyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, methoxycarbonyl, vinyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, methoxymethyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, vinyl, phenyl, methoxycarbonyl, benzyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, pentafluorophenyl, and 3-trifluoromethylphenyl;

Y is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, and ethylidene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro;

R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from the group consisting of 4-aminophenoxy, benzoyl, benzyl, benzyloxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-2-nitrophenoxy, 3-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromophenoxy, 5-bromopyrid-2-yloxy, 4-butoxyphenoxy, chloro, 3-chlorobenzyl, 2-chlorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyloxy, 3-chlorobenzyloxy, 4-chlorobenzyloxy, 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 3-chloro-4-ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenylamino, 5-chloropyrid-3-yloxy, 2-cyanopyrid-3-yloxy, 4-cyanophenoxy, cyclobutoxy, cyclobutyl, cyclohexoxy, cyclohexylmethoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethoxy, cyclopropoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorobenzyl, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,3-difluorobenzyloxy, 2,4-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,4-difluorobenzyloxy, 2,5-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorobenzyloxy, 4-difluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 2,3-difluorophenoxy, 2,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy, 3-dimethylaminophenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylbenzyl, 3,4-dimethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-dimethylbenzyloxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1,3-dioxan-2-yl, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, ethoxy, 4-ethoxyphenoxy, 4-ethylbenzyloxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 4-ethylaminophenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, fluoro, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxy, 2-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 3-fluoro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-fluorophenoxy, 3-fluoro-2-nitrophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 2-fluorobenzyloxy, 4-fluorophenylamino, 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yloxy, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl, 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, 3-iodobenzyloxy, isobutyl, isobutylamino, isobutoxy, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, isopropoxy, isopropyl, 4-isopropylbenzyloxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 4-isopropylphenoxy, isopropylthio, 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenoxy, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 4-methoxycarbonylbutoxy, 3-methoxycarbonylprop-2-enyloxy, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenylamino, 4-methoxyphenylamino, 3-methylbenzyloxy, 4-methylbenzyloxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-methylmethylthiophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpyrid-5-yloxy, 4-methylthiophenoxy, 2-naphthyloxy, 2-nitrophenoxy, 4-nitrophenoxy, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenylthio, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropyl, phenoxy, phenylamino, 1-phenylethoxy, phenylsulfonyl, 4-propanoylphenoxy, propoxy, 4-propylphenoxy, 4-propoxyphenoxy, thiophen-3-yl, sec-butyl, 4-sec-butylphenoxy,tert-butoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 4-tert-butylphenoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 2,3,5-trifluorobenzyloxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2,4-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, 2,3,4-trifluorophenoxy, 2,3,4-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenoxy, 3,4,5-trimethylphenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy, and trifluoromethylthio;

R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, hydrido, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy;

R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl.

In an embodiment of compounds of Formula Cyclo-VII,

n is the integer 1;

X is oxy;

R₁₆ is taken together with R₄, R₈, R₉, or R₁₃ to form a covalent single bond;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, benzyl, phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 3-trifluoromethylphenyl;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, isopropyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, methoxycarbonyl, benzyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

Y is methylene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro;

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy,3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy;

R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-furyl, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethylthio;

R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of fluoro and hydrido;

R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro.

In another embodiment of compounds of Formula VII, compounds have the Formula VII-3:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C2-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloakylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaralkyl;

R₂ is hydroxyalkyl;

Y is alkylene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₁₄ is hydrido;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and halo;

R₅, R₆, R₇, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, alkylthio, arylamino, arylthio, aroyl, arylsulfonyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, heteroaryloxy, alkoxy, aralkyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkylalkanoyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylthio, hydroxyhaloalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, and heteroaryloxyalkyl.

In an embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-3,

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, isopropyl, propyl, isobutyl, hexyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, methoxycarbonyl, vinyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, methoxymethyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl;

R₂ is hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, and 1,2-dihydroxyethyl;

Y is methylene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro;

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy,3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy;

R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-furyl, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethylthio;

R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of fluoro and hydrido;

R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro.

In another embodiment of compounds of Formula VII, compounds have the Formula VII-4:

wherein;

X is oxy;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, and carboalkoxy;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₂ and R₃ are taken together to form a linear spacer moiety selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and a moiety having from 1 through 6 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl having from 4 through 8 contiguous members;

Y is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and C1-C2 alkylene;

Z is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond and C1-C2 alkylene;

R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and halo;

R₅, R₆, R₇, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of perhaloaryloxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkoxy, carboxamidoalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkenyloxy, aralkanoylalkoxy, aralkenoyl, N-arylcarboxamidoalkoxy, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cyanoalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, alkylthio, arylamino, arylthio, aroyl, arylsulfonyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, heteroaryloxy, alkoxy, aralkyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkylalkanoyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylthio, hydroxyhaloalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthio, and heteroarylsulfonyl.

In an embodiment of compounds of Formula VII-4,

X is oxy;

R₁₆ is hydrido;

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, benzyl, phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, methoxycarbonyl, vinyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, methoxymethyl, and 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl;

R₂ and R₃ spacer pair is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂SCH₂—, —CH₂OCH₂—, —CH₂CH(R₁₇)—, —CH═C(R₁₇)—, —CH₂S(O)₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH(R₁₇)—, —CH₂CH(R₁₇)CH₂—, —CH₂CH═C(R₁₇)—, —CH(R₁₇)CH═CH—, —CH₂C(R₁₇)═CH—, —CH(R₁₇)C(O)N(R₁₇)—, —C(O)N(R₁₇)CH(R₁₇)—, —CH(R₁₇)C(O)NHCH₂—, —CH₂C(O)NHCH(R₁₇)—, —CH(R₁₇)CH(R₁₇)C(O)NH—, —C(O)NHCH(R₁₇)CH(R₁₇)—, —CH₂CH(R₁₇)CH₂CH₂—, —CH(R₁₇)CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH═CHCH₂—, —CH═CHCH₂CH₂—, —CH═CHCH═CH—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH═CHCH₂—, —(CH₂)₂O—, —(CH₂CHR₁₇)O—, —(CF₂)₂O—, —SCH₂CH₂—, —S(O)CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂S(O)CH₂—,—CH₂S(O)CH₂CH₂—, —S(O)₂CH₂—, —CH₂N(R₁₇)O—, —CH₂CH₂C(O)—,—CH₂C(O)NR₁₇—, and —CH₂NR₁₇CH₂— wherein R₁₇ is selected from the group consisting of H, CH₃, OCH₃, CF₃, CH₂CH₃, F, Cl, CH₂OH, and OH;

Y is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, and ethylidene;

Z is covalent single bond;

R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and fluoro;

R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from the group consisting of 4-aminophenoxy, benzoyl, benzyl, benzyloxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-2-nitrophenoxy, 3-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromophenoxy, 5-bromopyrid-2-yloxy, 4-butoxyphenoxy, chloro, 3-chlorobenzyl, 2-chlorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyloxy, 3-chlorobenzyloxy, 4-chlorobenzyloxy, 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 3-chloro-4-ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenylamino, 5-chloropyrid-3-yloxy, 2-cyanopyrid-3-yloxy, 4-cyanophenoxy, cyclobutoxy, cyclobutyl, cyclohexoxy, cyclohexylmethoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethoxy, cyclopropoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorobenzyl, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,3-difluorobenzyloxy, 2,4-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,4-difluorobenzyloxy, 2,5-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorobenzyloxy, 4-difluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 2,3-difluorophenoxy, 2,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy, 3-dimethylaminophenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylbenzyl, 3,4-dimethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-dimethylbenzyloxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1,3-dioxan-2-yl, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, ethoxy, 4-ethoxyphenoxy, 4-ethylbenzyloxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 4-ethylaminophenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, fluoro, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxy, 2-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 3-fluorotmethylphenoxy, 3-fluorophenoxy, 3-fluoro-2-nitrophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 2-fluorobenzyloxy, 4-fluorophenylamino, 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yloxy, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl, 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, 3-iodobenzyloxy, isobutyl, isobutylamino, isobutoxy, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, isopropoxy, isopropyl, 4-isopropylbenzyloxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 4-isopropylphenoxy, isopropylthio, 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenoxy, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 4-methoxycarbonylbutoxy, 3-methoxycarbonylprop-2-enyloxy, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenylamino, 4-methoxyphenylamino, 3-methylbenzyloxy, 4-methylbenzyloxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-methyl-4-methylthiophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpyrid-5-yloxy, 4-methylthiophenoxy, 2-naphthyloxy, 2-nitrophenoxy, 4-nitrophenoxy, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenylthio, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropyl, phenoxy, phenylamino, 1-phenylethoxy, phenylsulfonyl, 4-propanoylphenoxy, propoxy, 4-propylphenoxy, 4-propoxyphenoxy, thiophen-3-yl, sec-butyl, 4sec-butylphenoxy,tert-butoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 4-tert-butylphenoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 2,3,5-trifluorobenzyloxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2,4-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, 2,3,4-trifluorophenoxy, 2,3,4-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenoxy, 3,4,5-trimethylphenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy, and trifluoromethylthio;

R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, hydrido, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy;

R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl.

DEFINITIONS

The use of generic terms in the description of the compounds are herein defined for clarity.

Standard single letter elemental symbols are used to represent specific types of atoms unless otherwise defined. The symbol “C” represents a carbon atom. The symbol “O” represents an oxygen atom. The symbol “N” represents a nitrogen atom. The symbol “P” represents a phosphorus atom. The symbol “S” represents a sulfur atom. The symbol “H” represents a hydrogen atom. Double letter elemental symbols are used as defined for the elements of the periodical table (i.e., Cl represents chlorine, Se represents selenium, etc.).

As utilized herein, the term “alkyl”, either alone or within other terms such as “haloalkyl” and “alkylthio”, means an acyclic alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 10, preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Said alkyl radicals may be optionally substituted with groups as defined below. Examples of such radicals include methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, n-propyl, oxopropyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, cyanobutyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, aminopentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl and the like.

The term “alkenyl” refers to an unsaturated, acyclic hydrocarbon radical in so much as it contains at least one double bond. Such alkenyl radicals contain from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. Said alkenyl radicals may be optionally substituted with groups as defined below. Examples of suitable alkenyl radicals include propenyl, buten-1-yl, isobutenyl, penten-1-yl, 2-2-methylbuten-1-yl, 3-methylbuten-1-yl, hexen-1-yl, 3-hydroxyhexen-1-yl, hepten-1-yl, and octen-1-yl, and the like.

The term “alkynyl” refers to an unsaturated, acyclic hydrocarbon radical in so much as it contains one or more triple bonds, such radicals containing about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably having from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably having 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. Said alkynyl radicals may be optionally substituted with groups as defined below. Examples of suitable alkynyl radicals include ethynyl, propynyl, hydroxypropynyl, butyn-1-yl, butyn-2-yl, pentyn-1-yl, pentyn-2-yl, 4-methoxypentyn-2-yl, 3-methylbutyn-1-yl, hexyn-1-yl, hexyn-2-yl, hexyn-3-yl, 3,3-dimethylbutyn-1-yl radicals and the like.

The term “hydrido” denotes a single hydrogen atom (H). This hydrido radical may be attached, for example, to an oxygen atom to form a “hydroxyl” radical, one hydrido radical may be attached to a carbon atom to form a “methine” radical (═CH—), or two hydrido radicals may be attached to a carbon atom to form a “methylene” (—CH₂—) radical.

The term “carbon” radical denotes a carbon atom without any covalent bonds and capable of forming four covalent bonds.

The term “cyano” radical denotes a carbon radical having three of four covalent bonds shared by a nitrogen atom.

The term “hydroxyalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with a hydroxyl as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl and polyhydroxyalkyl radicals.

The term “alkanoyl” embraces radicals wherein one or more of the terminal alkyl carbon atoms are substituted with one or more carbonyl radicals as defined below. Specifically embraced are monocarbonylalkyl and dicarbonylalkyl radicals. Examples of monocarbonylalkyl radicals include formyl, acetyl, and pentanoyl. Examples of dicarbonylalkyl radicals include oxalyl, malonyl, and succinyl.

The term “alkylene” radical denotes linear or branched radicals having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and having attachment points for two or more covalent bonds. Examples of such radicals are methylene, ethylene, ethylidene, methylethylene, and isopropylidene.

The term “alkenylene” radical denotes linear or branched radicals having from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and having attachment points for two or more covalent bonds. Examples of such radicals are 1,1-vinylidene (CH₂═C), 1,2-vinylidene (—CH═CH—), and 1,4-butadienyl (—CH═CH—CH═CH—).

The term “halo” means halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms.

The term “haloalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl radicals. A monohaloalkyl radical, for one example, may have either a bromo, chloro or a fluoro atom within the radical. Dihalo radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhaloalkyl radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals. More preferred haloalkyl radicals are “lower haloalkyl” radicals having one to about six carbon atoms. Examples of such haloalkyl radicals include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl.

The term “hydroxyhaloalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the haloalkyl carbon atoms is substituted with hydroxy as defined above. Examples of “hydroxyhaloalkyl” radicals include hexafluorohydoxypropyl.

The term “haloalkylene radical” denotes alkylene radicals wherein any one or more of the alkylene carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Dihalo alkylene radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhaloalkylene radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals. More preferred haloalkylene radicals are “lower haloalkylene” radicals having one to about six carbon atoms. Examples of “haloalkylene” radicals include difluoromethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, alkyl substituted monofluoromethylene, and aryl substituted trifluoromethylene.

The term “haloalkenyl” denotes linear or branched radicals having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and having one or more double bonds wherein any one or more of the alkenyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Dihaloalkenyl radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhaloalkenyl radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals.

The terms “alkoxy” and “alkoxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having alkyl portions of one to about ten carbon atoms, such as methoxy radical. The term “alkoxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more alkoxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monoalkoxyalkyl and dialkoxyalkyl radicals. More preferred alkoxy radicals are “lower alkoxy” radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, isopropoxy and tert-butoxy alkyls. The “alkoxy” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkoxy” and “haloalkoxyalkyl” radicals. Examples of such haloalkoxy radicals include fluoromethoxy, chloromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, fluoroethoxy, tetrafluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, and fluoropropoxy. Examples of such haloalkoxyalkyl radicals include fluoromethoxymethyl, chloromethoxyethyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl, difluoromethoxyethyl, and trifluoroethoxymethyl.

The terms “alkenyloxy” and “alkenyloxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having alkenyl portions of two to about ten carbon atoms, such as ethenyloxy or propenyloxy radical. The term “alkenyloxyalkyl” also embraces alkenyl radicals having one or more alkenyloxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monoalkenyloxyalkyl and dialkenyloxyalkyl radicals. More preferred alkenyloxy radicals are “lower alkenyloxy” radicals having two to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include ethenyloxy, propenyloxy, butenyloxy, and isopropenyloxy alkyls. The “alkenyloxy” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkenyloxy” radicals. Examples of such radicals include trifluoroethenyloxy, fluoroethenyloxy, difluoroethenyhloxy, and fluoropropenyloxy.

The term “haloalkoxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more haloalkoxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monohaloalkoxyalkyl and dihaloalkoxyalkyl radicals. The term “haloalkenyloxy” also embraces oxygen radicals having one or more haloalkenyloxy radicals attached to the oxygen radical, that is, to form monohaloalkenyloxy and dihaloalkenyloxy radicals. The term “haloalkenyloxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more haloalkenyloxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monohaloalkenyloxyalkyl and dihaloalkenyloxyalkyl radicals.

The term “alkylenedioxy” radicals denotes alkylene radicals having at least two oxygens bonded to a single alkylene group. Examples of “alkylenedioxy” radicals include methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, alkylsubstituted methylenedioxy, and arylsubstituted methylenedioxy. The term “haloalkylenedioxy” radicals denotes haloalkylene radicals having at least two oxy groups bonded to a single haloalkyl group. Examples of “haloalkylenedioxy” radicals include difluoromethylenedioxy, tetrafluoroethylenedioxy, tetrachloroethylenedioxy, alkylsubstituted monofluoromethylenedioxy, and arylsubstituted monofluoromethylenedioxy.

The term “aryl”, alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromatic system containing one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a pendant manner or may be fused. The term “fused” means that a second ring is present (ie, attached or formed) by having two adjacent atoms in common (ie, shared) with the first ring. The term “fused” is equivalent to the term “condensed”. The term “aryl” embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indane and biphenyl.

The term “perhaloaryl” embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indane and biphenyl wherein the aryl radical is substituted with 3 or more halo radicals as defined below.

The term “heterocyclyl” embraces saturated, partially saturated and unsaturated heteroatom-containing ring-shaped radicals having from 5 through ring members selected from carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, wherein at least one ring atom is a heteroatom. Heterocyclyl radicals may contain one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached in a pendant manner or may be fused. Examples of saturated heterocyclic radicals include saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocylic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms[e.g. pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidino, piperazinyl, etc.]; saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g. morpholinyl, etc.]; saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., thiazolidinyl, etc.]. Examples of partially saturated heterocyclyl radicals include dihydrothiophene, dihydropyran, dihydrofuran and dihydrothiazole. Examples of unsaturated heterocyclic radicals, also termed “heteroaryl” radicals, include unsaturated 5 to 6 membered heteromonocyclyl group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl [e.g., 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl, etc.] tetrazolyl [e.g. 1H-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyl, etc.], etc.; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl [e.g., tetrazolo [1,5-b]pyridazinyl, etc.], etc.; unsaturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, for example, pyranyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, etc.; unsaturated 5 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing a sulfur atom, for example, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, etc.; unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl [e.g., 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, etc.] etc.; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g. benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc.]; unsaturated to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl [e.g., 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, etc.] etc.; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, etc.] and the like. The term also embraces radicals where heterocyclic radicals are fused with aryl radicals. Examples of such fused bicyclic radicals include benzofuran, benzothiophene, and the like. Said “heterocyclyl” group may have 1 to 3 substituents as defined below. Preferred heterocyclic radicals include five to twelve membered fused or unfused radicals. Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic radicals include pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridyloxy, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, tetrazolyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, pyrrolindinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 2-imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, piperidinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, 1,4-dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, benzo(b)thiophenyl, benzimidazoyl, quinolinyl, tetraazolyl, and the like.

The term “sulfonyl”, whether used alone or linked to other terms such as alkylsulfonyl, denotes respectively divalent radicals —SO₂—. “Alkylsulfonyl”, embraces alkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. “Alkylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces alkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. “Haloalkylsulfonyl”, embraces haloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where haloalkyl is defined as above. “Haloalkylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces haloalkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. The term “aminosulfonyl” denotes an amino radical attached to a sulfonyl radical.

The term “sulfinyl”, whether used alone or linked to other terms such as alkylsulfinyl, denotes respectively divalent radicals —S(O)—. “Alkylsulfinyl”, embraces alkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. “Alkylsulfinylalkyl”, embraces alkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. “Haloalkylsulfinyl”, embraces haloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where haloalkyl is defined as above. “Haloalkylsulfinylalkyl”, embraces haloalkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “aralkyl” embraces aryl-substituted alkyl radicals. Preferable aralkyl radicals are “lower aralkyl” radicals having aryl radicals attached to alkyl radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, phenylethyl and diphenylethyl. The terms benzyl and phenylmethyl are interchangeable.

The term “heteroaralkyl” embraces heteroaryl-substituted alkyl radicals wherein the heteroaralkyl radical may be additionally substituted with three or more substituents as defined above for aralkyl radicals. The term “perhaloaralkyl” embraces aryl-substituted alkyl radicals wherein the aralkyl radical is substituted with three or more halo radicals as defined above.

The term “aralkylsulfinyl”, embraces aralkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where aralkyl is defined as above. “Aralkylsulfinylalkyl”, embraces aralkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “aralkylsulfonyl”, embraces aralkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where aralkyl is defined as above. “Aralkylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces aralkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “cycloalkyl” embraces radicals having three to ten carbon atoms. More preferred cycloalkyl radicals are “lower cycloalkyl” radicals having three to seven carbon atoms. Examples include radicals such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl. The term “cycloalkylalkyl” embraces cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl radicals. Preferable cycloalkylalkyl radicals are “lower cycloalkylalkyl” radicals having cycloalkyl radicals attached to alkyl radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include cyclohexylhexyl. The term “cycloalkenyl” embraces radicals having three to ten carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Preferred cycloalkenyl radicals are “lower cycloalkenyl” radicals having three to seven carbon atoms. Examples include radicals such as cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl and cycloheptenyl. The term “halocycloalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the cycloalkyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohalocycloalkyl, dihalocycloalkyl and polyhalocycloalkyl radicals. A monohalocycloalkyl radical, for one example, may have either a bromo, chloro or a fluoro atom within the radical. Dihalo radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhalocycloalkyl radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals. More preferred halocycloalkyl radicals are “lower halocycloalkyl” radicals having three to about eight carbon atoms. Examples of such halocycloalkyl radicals include fluorocyclopropyl, difluorocyclobutyl, trifluorocyclopentyl, tetrafluorocyclohexyl, and dichlorocyclopropyl. The term “halocycloalkenyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the cycloalkenyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohalocycloalkenyl, dihalocycloalkenyl and polyhalocycloalkenyl radicals.

The term “cycloalkoxy” embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to an oxy radical. Examples of such radicals includes cyclohexoxy and cyclopentoxy. The term “cycloalkoxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more cycloalkoxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monocycloalkoxyalkyl and dicycloalkoxyalkyl radicals. Examples of such radicals include cyclohexoxyethyl. The “cycloalkoxy” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “halocycloalkoxy” and “halocycloalkoxyalkyl” radicals.

The term “cycloalkylalkoxy” embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to an alkoxy radical. Examples of such radicals includes cyclohexylmethoxy and cyclopentylmethoxy.

The term “cycloalkenyloxy” embraces cycloalkenyl radicals attached to an oxy radical. Examples of such radicals includes cyclohexenyloxy and cyclopentenyloxy. The term “cycloalkenyloxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more cycloalkenyloxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monocycloalkenyloxyalkyl and dicycloalkenyloxyalkyl radicals. Examples of such radicals include cyclohexenyloxyethyl. The “cycloalkenyloxy” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “halocycloalkenyloxy” and “halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl” radicals.

The term “cycloalkylenedioxy” radicals denotes cycloalkylene radicals having at least two oxygens bonded to a single cycloalkylene group. Examples of “alkylenedioxy” radicals include 1,2-dioxycyclohexylene.

The term “cycloalkylsulfinyl”, embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where cycloalkyl is defined as above. “Cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl”, embraces cycloalkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. The term “Cycloalkylsulfonyl”, embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where cycloalkyl is defined as above. “Cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces cycloalkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “cycloalkylalkanoyl” embraces radicals wherein one or more of the cycloalkyl carbon atoms are substituted with one or more carbonyl radicals as defined below. Specifically embraced are monocarbonylcycloalkyl and dicarbonylcycloalkyl radicals. Examples of monocarbonylcycloalkyl radicals include cyclohexylcarbonyl, cyclohexylacetyl, and cyclopentylcarbonyl. Examples of dicarbonylcycloalkyl radicals include 1,2-dicarbonylcyclohexane.

The term “alkylthio” embraces radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms, attached to a divalent sulfur atom. More preferred alkylthio radicals are “lower alkylthio” radicals having one to six carbon atoms. An example of “lower alkylthio” is methylthio (CH₃—S—). The “alkylthio” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkylthio” radicals. Examples of such radicals include fluoromethylthio, chloromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, trifluoroethylthio, fluoroethylthio, tetrafluoroethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, and fluoropropylthio.

The term “alkyl aryl amino” embraces radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms, and one aryl radical both attached to an amino radical. Examples include N-methyl-4-methoxyaniline, N-ethyl-4-methoxyaniline, and N-methyl-4-trifluoromethoxyaniline.

The terms alkylamino denotes “monoalkylamino” and “dialkylamino” containing one or two alkyl radicals, respectively, attached to an amino radical.

The terms arylamino denotes “monoarylamino” and “diarylamino” containing one or two aryl radicals, respectively, attached to an amino radical. Examples of such radicals include N-phenylamino and N-naphthylamino.

The term “aralkylamino”, embraces aralkyl radicals attached to an amino radical, where aralkyl is defined as above. The term aralkylamino denotes “monoaralkylamino” and “diaralkylamino” containing one or two aralkyl radicals, respectively, attached to an amino radical. The term aralkylamino further denotes “monoaralkyl monoalkylamino” containing one aralkyl radical and one alkyl radical attached to an amino radical.

The term “arylsulfinyl” embraces radicals containing an aryl radical, as defined above, attached to a divalent S(═O) atom. The term “arylsulfinylalkyl” denotes arylsulfinyl radicals attached to a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms.

The term “arylsulfonyl”, embraces aryl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where aryl is defined as above. “arylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces arylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. The term “heteroarylsulfinyl” embraces radicals containing an heteroaryl radical, as defined above, attached to a divalent S(═O) atom. The term “heteroarylsulfinylalkyl” denotes heteroarylsulfinyl radicals attached to a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms. The term “Heteroarylsulfonyl”, embraces heteroaryl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where heteroaryl is defined as above. “Heteroarylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces heteroarylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “aryloxy” embraces aryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an oxygen atom. Examples of such radicals include phenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-ethylphenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-cyclopropylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 4-tert-butylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, and 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy.

The term “aroyl” embraces aryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include benzoyl and toluoyl.

The term “aralkanoyl” embraces aralkyl radicals, as defined herein, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include, for example, phenylacetyl.

The term “aralkoxy” embraces oxy-containing aralkyl radicals attached through an oxygen atom to other radicals. More preferred aralkoxy radicals are “lower aralkoxy” radicals having phenyl radicals attached to lower alkoxy radical as described above. Examples of such radicals include benzyloxy, 1-phenylethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-difluorobenyloxy, 3-bromobenzyloxy, 4-propylbenzyloxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 2-phenylethoxy.

The term “aryloxyalkyl” embraces aryloxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include phenoxymethyl.

The term “haloaryloxyalkyl” embraces aryloxyalkyl radicals, as defined above, wherein one to five halo radicals are attached to an aryloxy group.

The term “heteroaroyl” embraces heteroaryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include furoyl and nicotinyl.

The term “heteroaralkanoyl” embraces heteroaralkyl radicals, as defined herein, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include, for example, pyridylacetyl and furylbutyryl.

The term “heteroaralkoxy” embraces oxy-containing heteroaralkyl radicals attached through an oxygen atom to other radicals. More preferred heteroaralkoxy radicals are “lower heteroaralkoxy” radicals having heteroaryl radicals attached to lower alkoxy radical as described above.

The term “haloheteroaryloxyalkyl” embraces heteroaryloxyalkyl radicals, as defined above, wherein one to four halo radicals are attached to an heteroaryloxy group.

The term “heteroarylamino” embraces heterocyclyl radicals, as defined above, attached to an amino group. Examples of such radicals include pyridylamino.

The term “heteroarylaminoalkyl” embraces heteroarylamino radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include pyridylmethylamino.

The term “heteroaryloxy” embraces heterocyclyl radicals, as defined above, attached to an oxy group. Examples of such radicals include 2-thiophenyloxy, 2-pyrimidyloxy, 2-pyridyloxy, 3-pyridyloxy, and 4-pyridyloxy.

The term “heteroaryloxyalkyl” embraces heteroaryloxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include 2-pyridyloxymethyl, 3-pyridyloxyethyl, and 4-pyridyloxymethyl.

The term “arylthio” embraces aryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an sulfur atom. Examples of such radicals include phenylthio.

The term “arylthioalkyl” embraces arylthio radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include phenylthiomethyl.

The term “alkylthioalkyl” embraces alkylthio radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include methylthiomethyl.

The term “alkoxyalkyl” embraces alkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include methoxymethyl.

The term “carbonyl” denotes a carbon radical having two of the four covalent bonds shared with an oxygen atom. The term “carboxy” embraces a hydroxyl radical, as defined above, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group. The term “carboxamide” embraces amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, monocycloalkylamino, alkylcycloalkylamino, and dicycloalkylamino radicals, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group. The term “carboxamidoalkyl” embraces carboxamide radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “carboxyalkyl” embraces a carboxy radical, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “carboalkoxy” embraces alkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group. The term “carboaralkoxy” embraces aralkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group. The term “monocarboalkoxyalkyl” embraces one carboalkoxy radical, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “dicarboalkoxyalkyl” embraces two carboalkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkylene group. The term “monocyanoalkyl” embraces one cyano radical, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “dicyanoalkylene” embraces two cyano radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “carboalkoxycyanoalkyl” embraces one cyano radical, as defined above, attached to an carboalkoxyalkyl group.

The term “acyl”, alone or in combination, means a carbonyl or thionocarbonyl group bonded to a radical selected from, for example, hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylthio, arylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aralkoxy, arylthio, and alkylthioalkyl. Examples of “acyl” are formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, trifluoroacetyl, phthaloyl, malonyl, nicotinyl, and the like. The term “haloalkanoyl” embraces one or more halo radicals, as defined herein, attached to an alkanoyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include, for example, chloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, bromopropanoyl, and heptafluorobutanoyl. The term “diacyl”, alone or in combination, means having two or more carbonyl or thionocarbonyl groups bonded to a radical selected from, for example, alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, haloalkylene, alkoxyalkylene, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and cycloalkenyl. Examples of “diacyl” are phthaloyl, malonyl, succinyl, adipoyl, and the like.

The term “benzylidenyl” radical denotes substituted and unsubstituted benzyl groups having attachment points for two covalent bonds. One attachment point is through the methylene of the benzyl group with the other attachment point through an ortho carbon of the phenyl ring. The methylene group is designated for attached to the lowest numbered position. Examples include the base compound benzylidene of structure:

The term “phenoxylidenyl” radical denotes substituted and unsubstituted phenoxy groups having attachment points for two covalent bonds. One attachment point is through the oxy of the phenoxy group with the other attachment point through an ortho carbon of the phenyl ring. The oxy group is designated for attached to the lowest numbered position. Examples include the base compound phenoxylidene of structure:

The term “phosphono” embraces a pentavalent phosphorus attached with two covalent bonds to an oxygen radical. The term “dialkoxyphosphono” denotes two alkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to a phosphono radical with two covalent bonds. The term “diaralkoxyphosphono” denotes two aralkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to a phosphono radical with two covalent bonds. The term “dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl” denotes dialkoxyphosphono radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl radical. The term “diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl” denotes diaralkoxyphosphono radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl radical.

Said “alkyl”, “alkenyl”, “alkynyl”, “alkanoyl”, “alkylene”, “alkenylene”, “benzylidenyl”, “phenoxylidenyl”, “hydroxyalkyl”, “haloalkyl”, “haloalkylene”, “haloalkenyl”, “alkoxy”, “alkenyloxy”, “alkenyloxyalkyl”, “alkoxyalkyl”, “aryl”, “perhaloaryl”, “haloalkoxy”, “haloalkoxyalkyl”, “haloalkenyloxy”, “haloalkenyloxyalkyl”, “alkylenedioxy”, “haloalkylenedioxy”, “heterocyclyl”, “heteroaryl”, “hydroxyhaloalkyl”, “alkylsulfonyl”, “haloalkylsulfonyl”, “alkylsulfonylalkyl”, “haloalkylsulfonylalkyl”, “alkylsulfinyl”, “alkylsulfinylalkyl”, “haloalkylsulfinylalkyl”, “aralkyl”, “heteroaralkyl”, “perhaloaralkyl”, “aralkylsulfonyl”, “aralkylsulfonylalkyl”, “aralkylsulfinyl”, “aralkylsulfinylalkyl”, “cycloalkyl”, “cycloalkylalkanoyl”, “cycloalkylalkyl”, “cycloalkenyl”, “halocycloalkyl”, “halocycloalkenyl”, “cycloalkylsulfinyl”, “cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl”, “cycloalkylsulfonyl”, “cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl”, “cycloalkoxy”, “cycloalkoxyalkyl”, “cycloalkylalkoxy”, “cycloalkenyloxy”, “cycloalkenyloxyalkyl”, “cycloalkylenedioxy”, “halocycloalkoxy”, “halocycloalkoxyalkyl”, “halocycloalkenyloxy”, “halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl”, “alkylthio”, “haloalkylthio”, “alkylsulfinyl”, “amino”, “oxy”, “thio”, “alkylamino”, “arylamino”, “aralkylamino”, “arylsulfinyl”, “arylsulfinylalkyl”, “arylsulfonyl”, “arylsulfonylalkyl”, “heteroarylsulfinyl”, “heteroarylsulfinylalkyl”, “heteroarylsulfonyl”, “heteroarylsulfonylalkyl”, “heteroarylamino”, “heteroarylaminoalkyl”, “heteroaryloxy”, “heteroaryloxylalkyl”, “aryloxy”, “aroyl”, “aralkanoyl”, “aralkoxy”, “aryloxyalkyl”, “haloaryloxyalkyl”, “heteroaroyl”, “heteroaralkanoyl”, “heteroaralkoxy”, “heteroaralkoxyalkyl”, “arylthio”, “arylthioalkyl”, “alkoxyalkyl”, “acyl” and “diacyl” groups defined above may optionally have 1 to 5 non-hydrido substituents such as perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxylalkyl, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl.

The term “spacer” can include a covalent bond and a linear moiety having a backbone of 1 to 7 continous atoms. The spacer may have 1 to 7 atoms of a univalent or multi-valent chain. Univalent chains may be constituted, for example, by a radical selected from ═C(H)—, ═C(R₁₇)—, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —NH—, —N(R₁₇)—, —N═, —CH(OH)—, ═C(OH)—, —CH(OR₁₇)—, ═C(OR₁₇)—, and —C(O)— wherein R₁₇ is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, and heteroarylalkenyl. Multi-valent chains may consist of a straight chain of 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 atoms or a straight chain of 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 atoms with a side chain. The chain may be constituted of one or more radicals selected from: lower alkylene, lower alkenyl, —O—, —O—CH₂—, —S—CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, ethenyl, —CH═CH(OH)—, —OCH₂O—, —O(CH₂)₂O—, —NHCH₂—, —OCH(R₁₇)O—, —O(CH₂CHR₁₇)O—, —OCF₂O—, —O(CF₂)₂O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —N(H)—, —N(H)O—, —N(R₁₇)O—, —N(R₁₇)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)NH—, —C(O)NR₁₇—, —N═, —OCH₂—, —SCH₂—, S(O)CH₂—, —CH₂C(O)—, —CH(OH)—, ═C(OH)—, —CH(OR₁₇)—, ═C(OR₁₇)—, S(O)₂CH₂—, and —NR₁₇CH₂— and many other radicals defined above or generally known or ascertained by one of skill-in-the art. Side chains may include substituents such as 1 to 5 non-hydrido substituents such as perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxylalkyl, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl.

Compounds of the present invention can exist in tautomeric, geometric or stereoisomeric forms. The present invention contemplates all such compounds, including cis- and trans-geometric isomers, E- and Z-geometric isomers, R- and S-enantiomers, diastereomers, d-isomers, 1-isomers, and mixtures thereof, as falling within the scope of the invention. Pharmaceutically acceptable sales of such tautomeric, geometric or stereoisomeric forms are also included within the invention.

The terms “cis” and “trans” denote a form of geometric isomerism in which two carbon atoms connected by a double bond will each have a hydrogen atom on the same side of the double bond (“cis”) or on opposite sides of the double bond (“trans”).

Some of the compounds described contain alkenyl groups, and are meant to include both cis and trans or “E” and “Z” geometric forms.

Some of the compounds described contain one or more stereocenters and are meant to include R, S, and mixtures of R and S forms for each stereocenter present.

Some of the compounds described herein may contain one or more ketonic or aldehydic carbonyl groups or combinations thereof alone or as part of a heterocyclic ring system. Such carbonyl groups may exist in part or principally in the “keto” form and in part or principally as one or more “enol” forms of each aldehyde and ketone group present. Compounds of the present invention having aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl groups are meant to include both “keto” and “enol” tautomeric forms.

Some of the compounds described herein may contain one or more amide carbonyl groups or combinations thereof alone or as part of a heterocyclic ring system. Such carbonyl groups may exist in part or principally in the “keto” form and in part or principally as one or more “enol” forms of each amide group present. Compounds of the present invention having amidic carbonyl groups are meant to include both “keto” and “enol” tautomeric forms. Said amide carbonyl groups may be both oxo (C═O) and thiono (C═S) in type.

Some of the compounds described herein may contain one or more imine or enamine groups or combinations thereof. Such groups may exist in part or principally in the “imine” form and in part or principally as one or more “enamine” forms of each group present. Compounds of the present invention having said imine or enamine groups are meant to include both “imine” and “enamine” tautomeric forms.

The following general synthetic sequences are useful in making the present invention. Abbreviations used in the schemes are as follows: “AA” represents amino acids, “BINAP” represents 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, “Boc” represents tert-butyloxycarbonyl, “BOP” represents benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino), “bu” represents butyl, “dba” represents dibenzylideneacetone, “DCC” represents 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, “DIBAH” represents diisobutylaluminum hydride, “DIPEA” represents diisopropylethylamine, “DMF” represents dimethylformamide, “DMSO” represents dimethylsulfoxide, “Fmoc” represents 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, “LDA” represents lithium diisopropylamide, “PHTH” represents a phthaloyl group, “pnZ” represents 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, “PTC” represents a phase transfer catalyst, “p-TsOH” represents paratoluenesulfonic acid, “TBAF” represents tetrabutylammonium fluoride, “TBTU” represents 2-(1H-benzotriozole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl uronium tetrafluoroborate, “TEA” represents triethylamine, “TFA” represents trifluoroacetic acid, “THF” represents tetrahydrofuran, “TMS” represents trimethylsilyl, and “Z” represents benzyloxycarbonyl.

PHARMACEUTICAL UTILITY AND COMPOSITION

The present invention comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formulas VII-H, VII, VII-2, VII-3, VII-4, and Cyclo-VII, in association with at least one pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, adjuvant or diluent.

The present invention also comprises a treatment and prophylaxis of coronary artery disease and other CETP-mediated disorders in a subject, comprising administering to the subject having such disorder a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula VII-H:

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, R₇, R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, X, Y, and Z are as defined above for the compounds of Formula VII-H or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

As a further embodiment, compounds of the present invention of Formulas VII-H, VII, VII-2, VII-3, VII-4, and Cyclo-VII, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof as defined above comprise a treatment and prophylaxis of coronary artery disease and other CETP-mediated disorders in a subject, comprising administering to the subject having such disorder a therapeutically-effective amount of compounds of Formulas VII-H, VII, VII-2, VII-3, VII4, and Cyclo-VII, of the present invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

Compounds of Formulas VII-H, VII, VII-2, VII-3, VII4, and Cyclo-VII are capable of inhibiting activity of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and thus could be used in the manufacture of a medicament, a method for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of diseases mediated by CETP, such as peripheral vascular disease, hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolemia, and other diseases attributable to either high LDL and low HDL or a combination of both, or a procedure to study the mechanism of action of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) to enable the design of better inhibitors. The compounds of Formulas VII-H, VII, VII-2, VII-3, VII-4, and Cyclo-VII would be also useful in prevention of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or stroke.

Also included in the family of compounds of Formulas VII-H, VII, VII-2, VII-3, VIIA, and Cyclo-VII are the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof. The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salts” embraces salts commonly used to form alkali metal salts and to form addition salts of free acids or free bases. The nature of the salt is not critical, provided that it is pharmaceutically acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts of compounds of Formula VII-H may be prepared from inorganic acid or from an organic acid. Examples of such inorganic acids are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, carbonic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid. Appropriate organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, examples of which are formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, glucoronic, maleic, fumaric, pyruvic, aspartic, glutamic, benzoic, anthranilic, mesylic, salicylic, p-hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic, mandelic, embonic (pamoic), methanesulfonic, ethylsulfonic, benzenesulfonic, sulfanilic, stearic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, algenic, galacturonic acid. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable base addition salts of compounds of Formula VII-H include metallic salts made from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made from N,N′-dibenzylethyleneldiamine, choline, chloroprocaine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine (N-methylglucamine) and procain. All of these salts may be prepared by conventional means from the corresponding compounds of Formulas VII-H, VII, VII-2, VII-3, VII-4, and Cyclo-VII by reacting, for example, the appropriate acid or base with the compounds of Formulas VII-H, VII, VII-2, VII-3, VII4, and Cyclo-VII.

Also embraced within this invention is a class of pharmaceutical compositions comprising the active compounds of Formula VII-H in association with one or more non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants (collectively referred to herein as “carrier” materials) and, if desired, other active ingredients. The active compounds of the present invention may be administered by any suitable route, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatment intended. The active compounds and composition may, for example, be administered orally, intravascularly, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly or topically.

For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, a tablet, capsule, suspension or liquid. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a particular amount of the active ingredient. Examples of such dosage units are tablets or capsules. The active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition wherein, for example, saline, dextrose or water may be used as a suitable carrier.

The amount of therapeutically active compounds which are administered and the dosage regimen for treating a disease condition with the compounds and/or compositions of this invention depends on a variety of factors, including the age, weight, sex and medical condition of the subject, the severity of the disease, the route and frequency of administration, and the particular compound employed, and thus may vary widely.

The pharmaceutical compositions may contain active ingredients in the range of about 0.1 to 2000 mg, and preferably in the range of about 0.5 to 500 mg. A daily dose of about 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight, and preferably between about 0.5 and about 20 mg/kg body weight, may be appropriate. The daily dose can be administered in one to four doses per day.

The compounds may be formulated in topical ointment or cream, or as a suppository, containing the active ingredients in a total amount of, for example, 0.075 to 30% w/w, preferably 0.2 to 20% w/w and most preferably 0.4 to 15% w/w. When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be employed with either paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base. If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol such as propylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. The topical formulation may desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethylsulfoxide and related analogs. The compounds of this invention can also be administered by a transdermal device. Preferably topical administration will be accomplished using a patch either of the reservoir and porous membrane type or of a solid matrix variety. In either case, the active agent is delivered continuously from the reservoir or microcapsules through a membrane into the active agent permeable adhesive, which is in contact with the skin or mucosa of the recipient. If the active agent is absorbed through the skin, a controlled and predetermined flow of the active agent is administered to the recipient. In the case of microcapsules, the encapsulating agent may also function as the membrane.

The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier, it may comprise a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make-up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations. Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the present invention include Tween 60, Span 80, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and sodium lauryl sulfate, among others.

The choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties, since the solubility of the active compound in most oils likely to be used in pharmaceutical emulsion formulations is very low. Thus, the cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non-staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers. Straight or branched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as di-isoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters may be used. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils can be used.

For therapeutic purposes, the active compounds of this combination invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate to the indicated route of administration. If administered per os, the compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted or encapsulated for convenient administration. Such capsules or tablets may contain a controlled-release formulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. Formulations for parenteral administration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration. The compounds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art.

All mentioned references are incorporated by reference as if here written.

Although this invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, the details of these embodiments are not to be construed as limitations.

GENERAL SYNTHETIC PROCEDURES

The compounds of the present invention can be synthesized, for example, according to the following procedures of Schemes 1 through 15 below, wherein the substituents are as defined for Formulas VII-H, VII, VII-2, VII-3, VII-4, and Cyclo-VII above except where further noted.

Synthetic Scheme 1 shows the preparation of compounds of formula XIIIA-H (“Secondary Heteroaryl Amines”) which are intermediates in the preparation of the compounds of the present invention corresponding to Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines” and “Isomeric Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary 2-Heteroalkylamines”, “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”, “Isomeric Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary 2-Heteroalkylamines”, or “Isomeric Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) wherein the heteroaryl amine (X-AH), Heteroaryl Bromide (XXI-AH), and Heteroaryl Carbonyl (XI-AH) can independently be both aryl and heteroaryl in type. Schemes 1 through 3, taken together, prepare tertiary heteroalkylamine compounds of the present invention by addition of a halogenated, heteroatom (for example, oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen) containing precursor to a secondary amine to introduce a heteroatom containing alkyl group wherein the two groups making up the secondary amine both are made up of aromatic groups or both groups contain aromatic rings wherein said aromatic rings maybe 0 to 2 aryl rings and 0 to 2 heteroaryl rings.

The “Diheteroaryl Imine” corresponding to Formula XII-AH can be prepared through dehydration techniques generally known in or adaptable from the art by reacting “Heteroaryl Amine” of Formula X-AH with the “Heteroaryl Carbonyl” of Formula XI-AH in Scheme I and subsequent specific examples.

For example, when Z is a covalent bond, methylene, methine substituted with another subsitutent, ethylene, or another substituent as defined in Formula V-H, the two reactants (X-AH and XI-AH) react by refluxing them in an aprotic solvent, such as hexane, toluene, cyclohexane, benzene, and the like, using a Dean-Stark type trap to remove water. After about 2-8 hours or until the removal of water is complete, the aprotic solvent is removed in vacuo to yield the “Diheteroaryl Imine” of Formula XII-AH. Alternately, when Z is an oxygen, the “Diheteroaryl Imine” is an oxime derivative. Oxime type “Diheteroaryl Imine” compounds are readily prepared from the corresponding O-substituted hydroxylamine and the appropriate aldehyde or ketone type “Heteroaryl Carbonyl”. Alternately, when Z is a nitrogen, the “Diheteroaryl Imine” is a hydrazone derivative. Hydrazone type “Diheteroaryl Imine” compounds are readily prepared from the corresponding hydrazine and the appropriate aldehyde or ketone type “Heteroaryl Carbonyl”. Suitable procedures for forming oxime and hydrazone imines are also described by Shriner, Fuson, and Curtin in The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, and by Fieser and Fieser in Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volume 1, John Wiley & Sons, which are incorporated herein by reference.

The “Secondary Heteroaryl Amines” of Formula XIIIA-H can be prepared from the corresponding “Diheteroaryl Imine” of Formula XII-AH in several ways. For example, in one synthetic scheme (Reduction Method-1), which is preferred when Z is a nitrogen, the “Generic Imine” hydrazone of Formula XII-AH is partially or completely dissolved in presence of a lower alcohol containing sufficient organic or mineral acid, as described in WO Patent Application No.9738973, Swiss Patent CH 441366 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,359,316 and 3,334,017, which are incorporated herein by reference, and then hydrogenated at 0-100° C., more preferably 20-50° C., and most preferrably between 20-30° C. and pressures of 10-200 psi hydrogen or more preferrably between 50-70 psi hydrogen in the presence of a noble metal catalyst such as

In another synthetic scheme (Reduction Method-2), which is preferred when Z is a single bond or carbon, the “Diheteroaryl Imine” of Formula XII-AH is slurried in a lower alcohol such as ethanol, methanol or like solvent at 0-10° C. and solid sodium borohydride is added in batches over 5-10 minutes at 0-10° C. with stirring. The reaction mixture is stirred below 10° C. for 30-90 minutes and then is warmed gradually to 15-30° C. After about 1-10 hours, the mixture is cooled and acid is added until the aqueous layer was just acidic (pH 5-7).

In yet another synthetic scheme (Reduction Method-3), which is preferred when Z is an oxygen, the “Diheteroaryl Imine” oxime of Formula XII-AH is slurried in a lower alcohol solvent at 0-10° C. and acidified to a pH less than 4 and sodium cyanoborohydride is added in batches over 30-90 minutes at 0-20° C. with stirring and addition of a suitable organic or mineral acid to keep the pH at or below 4. The reaction mixture is stirred and warmed gradually to about 20-25° C. After about 1-10 hours, the mixture is cooled and base added until the mixture was just slightly alkaline.

The “Secondary Heteroaryl Amines” of Formula XIII-AH can also be prepared, according to Scheme 1, by an alkylation procedure based on the nucleophilic substitution of bromides by amines. In one synthetic alkylation scheme (Alkylation Method-1), a “Heteroaryl Amine” of Formula X-AH is reacted with a “Heteroaryl Bromide-” of Formula XXIII-AH as described in Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Fifth Edition, 1989, pages 902 to 905 and references cited therein all of which are incorporated herein by reference. In an alternate synthetic alkylation scheme exemplified in Scheme 10, a “Heteroaryl Amine” of is reacted with a “Heteroaryl Bromide” in a method employing palladium catalyzed carbon-nitrogen bond formation. Suitable procedures for this conversion are described in Wagaw and Buchwald, J. Org. Chem.(1996), 61, 7240-7241, Wolfe, Wagaw and Buchwald, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1996), 118, 7215-7216, and Wolfe and Buchwald, Tetrahedron Letters (1997), 38(36), 6359-6362 and references cited therein all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The “Secondary Heteroaryl Amine” amines, hydroxylamines, and hydrazines, the “Heteroaryl Carbonyl” aldehydes, ketones, hydrazones, and oximes, and “Heteroaryl Bromide” halides, tosylates, mesylates, triflates, and precursor alcohols required to prepare the “Secondary Heteroaryl Amine” compounds are available from commercial sources or can be prepared by one skilled in the art from published procedures. Commercial sources include but are not limited to Aldrich Chemical, TCI-America, Lancaster-Synthesis, Oakwood Products, Acros Organics, and Maybridge Chemical. Disclosed procedures for “Generic Amine” amines, hydroxylamines, and hydrazines include Sheradsky and Nov, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans.1 (1980), (12), 2781-6; Marcoux, Doye, and Buchwald, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1997), 119, 1053-9; Sternbach and Jamison, Tetrahedron Lett. (1981), 22(35), 33314; U.S. Pat. No. 5,306,718; EP No. 314435; WO No. 9001874; WO No. 9002113; JP No. 05320117; WO No. 9738973; Swiss Patent No. CH 441366; U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,359,316 and 3,334,017; and references cited therein which are incorporated herein by reference.

Synthetic Scheme 2 shows the preparation of the class of compounds of the present invention corresponding to Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary 2-Heteroalkylamines or “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”).

Derivatives of “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines” or “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”, in which the heteroatom (—O—) is attached to an alkyl group removed from the amine by two or more carbons are readily prepared by anion chemistry using the method of Scheme 2. The anion of “Secondary Heteroaryl Amine” amines, hydroxylamines, and hydrazines of Formula XIIIA-H are readily formed by dissolving the specific amine, hydroxylamine, or hydrazine in an aprotic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, toluene, ether, dimethylformamide, and dimethylformamide, under anhydrous conditions. The solution is cooled to a temperature between −78 and 0° C., preferrably between −78 and −60° C. and the anion formed by the addition of at least one equivalent of a strong, aprotic, non-nucleophilic base such as NaH or n-butyllithium under an inert atmosphere for each acidic group present. Maintaining the temperature between −78 and 0° C., preferrably between −78 and −60° C., with suitable cooling, an appropriate alkyl halide, alkyl benzenesulfonate such as a alkyl tosylate, alkyl mesylate, alkyl triflate or similar alkylating reagent of the general structure:

where m is zero, X can be RN, O, and S, and M is a readily displaceable group such as chloride, bromide, iodide, tosylate, triflate, and mesylate. After allowing the reaction mixture to warm to room temperature, the reaction product is added to water, neutralized if necessary, and extracted with a water-immiscible solvent such as diethyl ether or methylene chloride. The combined aprotic solvent extract is washed with saturated brine, dried over drying agent such as anhydrous MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to yield crude Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines” or Formula VII-H “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-heteroalkylamines” or “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”). This material is purified, for example, by eluting through silica gel with a medium polar solvent such as ethyl acetate in a non-polar solvent such as hexanes to yield purified Formula VII-H and Formula VII. Products are structurally confirmed by low and high resolution mass spectrometry and NMR.

Compounds of Formula (XXX), which can be used to prepare “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl and Aryl omega tertiary heteroalkylamines” and “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl and Aryl omega tertiary hydroxyalkylamines” compounds are given in Table 2. These reagents can be prepared from the corresponding alcohols. The tosylates are readily obtained by reacting the corresponding alcohol with tosyl chloride using procedures found in House's Modern Synthetic Reactions, Chapter 7, W. A. Benjamin, Inc., Shriner, Fuson, and Curtin in The Systematic Indentification of Organic Compounds, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, and Fieser and Fieser in Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volume 1, John Wiley & Sons, which are incorporated herein by reference.

A preferred procedure for Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) compounds, exemplified in Tables 3 and 4, is Method A of Scheme 3. Oxirane reagents useful in Method A are exemplified, but not limited to those in Table 1. Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) compounds are prepared by using “Secondary Heteroaryl Amine” amines, hydroxylamines, and hydrazines of Formula XIIIA-H prepared above with oxiranes of the type listed in Table 1 and represented by the general structure:

In some cases, the oxiranes are prepared by reaction of epoxidation reagents such as MCPBA and similar type reagents readily selectable by a person of skill-in-the-art with alkenes. Fieser and Fieser in Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons provides, along with cited references, numerous suitable epoxidation reagents and reaction conditions, which are incorporated herein by reference.

TABLE 1 Structure and Source of Oxiranes, Thiaranes and Aziridine Reagents. (XX)

XX R₁ R₂ R₃ R₁₆ X 1 CH₃ H H none O 2 CH₃CH₂ H H none O 3 CH₃ CH₃ H none O 4 CH₃CH₂ H H none S 5 CH₃CH₂CH₂ H H none O 6 CH₃OCH₂CH₂ H H none O 7 CH₃CH₂ H H H N 8 CH₃ CH₃ H none S 9 CH₃ H CF₃ none O 10 CH₃ C₆H₅ H none O 11 CH₃ C₆H₅ H none S 12 CH₃ C₆H₅ H H N 13 CH₃ Cyclopropyl H none O 14 CH₃ Cyclopropyl H none S 15 CH₃ (CH₃)₂CH H none O 16 CH₃ (CH₃)₂CH H none S 17 CH₃ (CH₃)₂CH H H N 18 CH₃ H CH₃ none O 19 CH₃ CH₃ H H N 20 CH₃ H CH₃ H N 21 CH₃ H H Benzyl N 22 CH₃ H H CH₃O N 23 CH₃ H H CH₃ N 24 CH₃ H H Benzyl- N oxy 25 CH₂═CH H H none O 26 CH₃CH₂CH₂ H H none O 27 CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂ H H none O 28 CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₂ H H none O 29 CH₂═CH(CH₂)₃CH₂ H H none O 30 HOCH₂ H H none O 31 (CH₃)₃COCH₂ H H none O 32 R₁ + R₂ = (CH₂)₅ H none O 33 H R₂ + R₃ = (CH₂)₄ none O 34 CH₃ R₂ + R₃ = (CH₂)₄ none O 35 CH₃ R₂ + R₃ = (CH₂)₄ none S 36 H R₂ + R₃ = (CH₃)CH(CH₂)₃ none O 37 H R₂ + R₃ = (CH₃)CH(CH₂)₂ none O 38 H R₂ + R₃ = CH₂(CH₃)CHCH₂ none O 39 R₁ +R₂ = (CH₂)₆ H none O 40 CH₃CH₂O₂C H H none O 41 CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂ H H none O 42 CH₃OCH₂ H H none O 43 CH₃CH₂CH₂ H H none S 44 CH₃CH₂OCH₂ H H H N 45 H R₂ + R₃ = (CH₂)₂SO₂ none O 46 C₆H₅ H H none O 47 C₆H₅ H CH₃ none O 48 C₆H₅ H H H N 49 C₆H₅ CH₃ H none O 50 C₆H₅ CH₃ H none S 51 2-CH₃C₆H₄ H H none O 52 3-CH₃C₆H₄ H H none O 53 4-CH₃C₆H₄ H H none O 54 2-BrC₆H₄ H H none O 55 4-BrC₆H₄ H H none O 56 2-ClC₆H₄ H H none O 57 3-ClC₆H₄ H H none O 58 4-ClC₆H₄ H H none O 59 2-CH₃OC₆H₄ H H none O 60 3-CH₃OC₆H₄ H H none O 61 4-CH₃OC₆H₄ H H none O 62 3-CF₃C₆H₄ H H none O 63 C₆H₅CH₂ H H none O 64 4F—C₆H₄ H H none O 65 4F—C₆H₄ H 4F— none O C₆H₄ 66 2-CH₃O-4-CH₃O H H none O C₆H₃ 67 3,4-OCH₂O—C₆H₃ H H none O 68 3-Cl-4-Cl—C₆H₃ H H none O 69 3-Cl-5-Cl—C₆H₃ H H none O 70 C₆H₅OCH₂ H H none O 71 4Cl—C₆H₄OCH₂ H H none O 72 CH₃OC₆H₄OCH₂ H H none O 73 C₆H₅ H CO₂— none O C₂H₅ 74 2-Pyridyl H H none O

TABLE 2 Structure and Source of Alcohol and Glycol Reagents. (XXX)

Reagent Number R₁ n M R₂ R₃ X-R₁₆ 1A CH₃ 3 OTs H H OH 2A CH₃CH₂ 3 OTs H H OH 3A CH₃CH₂CH₂ 3 OTs H H OH 4A CH₃ 2 OTs H H OH 5A CH₃CH₂ 2 OTs H H OH 6A CH₃CH₂CH₂ 2 OTs H H OH 7A Phenyl 3 OTs H H OH 8A Benzyl 3 OTs H H OH 9A 2-phenylethyl 3 OTs H H OH 10A Phenyl 2 OTs H H OH 11A Benzyl 2 OTs H H OH 12A 2-phenylethyl 2 OTs H H OH 13A CH₃ 4 OTs H H OH 14A CH₃CH₂ 4 OTs H H OH 15A CH₃CH₂CH₂ 4 OTs H H OH 16A CH₃ 3 OTs CH₂OH H OH 17A CH₃CH₂ 3 OTs CH₂OH H OH 18A H 3 OTs CH₂OH H OH

TABLE 3 Structure of Substituted Phenyl tertiary-omega-Hydroxyalkylamines (Y is CH; R₈, R₉, R₁₂, R₁₃, and R₁₄ are each H; Z is covalent bond and R₁₅ is absent).

Inhibitor Number Column 1 + Column 2 Reagent Reagent R₁ n R₂ R₃ R₄ R₅ R₆ R₇ R₁₀ R₁₁ 2A 1N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H C₆H₅O H H OCF₂CF₂H H 2A 2N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H OCF₃ H H OCF₂CF₂H H 2A 3N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H F H H F OCF₂CF₂H H 2A 4N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H OCF₂CF₂H H 2A 5N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H C₆H₅O H H OCF₃ H 2A 6N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H OCF₃ H H OCF₃ H 2A 7N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H phenyl H OCF₃ H 2A 8N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H phenyl H H OCF₃ H 2A 9N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H H H OCF₃ H 2A 10N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Br H H OCF₃ H 2A 11N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ F H CF₃ H 2A 12N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CH₃ H H CF₃ H 2A 13N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ H H CF₃ H 2A 14N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CH₃ H H OCF₃ H 2A 15N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F F H OCF₃ H 2A 16N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Br H H CF₃ H 2A 17N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ F H OCF₃ H 2A 18N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H OCF₃ H 2A 19N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Cl H H OCF₃ H 2A 20N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H CF₃ H 2A 21N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F F H CF₃ H 2A 22N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Cl H H CF₃ H 2A 23N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H phenoxy H 2A 24N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ Cl H CH₃ H 2A 25N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ F H CH₃ H 2A 26N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H H H CF₃ H 2A 27N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H F F H H CF₃ H 2A 28N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H OCH₃ H CF₃ H 2A 29N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F F H CH₃ H 2A 30N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H OCH₃ H H CH₃ H 2A 31N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H CH₃ H H H 2A 32N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Cl H H H H 2A 33N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H F H 2A 34N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H OCH₃ H CH₃ H 2A 35N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H H H H H 2A 36N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H CH₃ H CH₃ H 2A 37N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H Cl H H H 2A 38N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H 3-CF₃- H phenoxy 2A 39N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H 4-CH₃O- H phenoxy 2A 40N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H 4-Cl- H phenoxy 2A 41N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H H H 2A 42N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H CH₃ H 2A 43N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H F CH₃ H 2A 44N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H F F H H CH₃ H 2A 45N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Cl H H CH₃ H 2A 46N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CH₃ H H CH₃ H 2A 48N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H CH₃ H CF₃ H 2A 51N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H CH₃ H F H 2A 52N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ H H F H 2A 53N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ H H CH₃ H 2A 54N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H OCH₃ H H CF₃ H 2A 56N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H CH₃ H CF₃ H 2A 57N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H C₆H₅O H H H OCF₃ 2A 58N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H H H H OCF₃ 2A 59N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H OCF₃ H H H OCF₃ 2A 60N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ F H H CF₃ 2A 61N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H OCH₃ H H CF₃ 2A 62N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CH₃ H H H CF₃ 2A 63N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Cl H H H CF₃ 2A 64N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ H H H OCF₃ 2A 65N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H H OCF₃ 2A 66N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H F H OCF₃ 2A 67N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Br H H H OCF₃ 2A 68N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Cl H H H OCF₃ 2A 69N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F F H H OCF₃ 2A 70N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H H phenyl 2A 71N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CH₃ H H H OCF₃ 2A 72N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F F H H CF₃ 2A 73N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H Cl H H H CH₃ 2A 74N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H OCH₃ H H H CH₃ 2A 75N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H H H CH₃ 2A 76N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H F F H H H OCF₃ 2A 78N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H OCH₃ H H CH₃ 2A 79N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H CH₃ H H CH₃ 2A 80N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CH₃ H H H CH₃ 2A 82N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F F H H CH₃ 2A 83N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H F H F H CH₃ 2A 84N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H F F H H H CH₃ 2A 85N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H F CF₃ H H H CH₃ 2A 86N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H CH₃ H H CF₃ 2A 88N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ H H H CH₃ 2A 90N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H H CF₃ H H CH₃ 2A 92N CH₃CH₂ 3 H H H CF₃ F H H CH₃

TABLE 4 Structure of Substituted Phenyl tertiary-omega-Hydroxyalkylamines (Y and Z are CH; R₈, R₉, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, and R₁₅ are each H; Z is covalent R₁₅ is absent).

Inhibitor Number Column 1 + Column 2 Reagent Reagent R₁ n R₂ R₃ R₄ R₅ R₆ R₉ R₁₀ R₁₁ 1A 1DB CH₃ 3 H H H OCF₃ H H OCF₃ H 1A 2DB CH₃ 3 H H H Cl H H H CF₃ 1A 3DB CH₃ 3 H H H Br H H OCF₃ H 1A 4DB CH₃ 3 H H H Cl H H OCF₃ H 1A 5DB CH₃ 3 H H H Cl H H CF₃ H 1A 6DB CH₃ 3 H H H H Cl H CF₃ H 1A 7DB CH₃ 3 H H H F H H OCF₃ H 1A 8DB CH₃ 3 H H H H Cl H H CF₃ 1A 9DB CH₃ 3 H H H F H H H CF₃ 1A 10DB CH₃ 3 H H H H F H H CF₃ 1A 11DB CH₃ 3 H H F H H H H CF₃ 1A 12DB CH₃ 3 H H H Cl H CF₃ H H 1A 13DB CH₃ 3 H H H H Cl CF₃ H H 1A 14DB CH₃ 3 H H Cl H H CF₃ H H 1A 15DB CH₃ 3 H H H F H CH₃ H H 1A 16DB CH₃ 3 H H H H F H H CH₃ 1A 17DB CH₃ 3 H H H F H H CH₃ H 1A 18DB CH₃ 3 H H F H H CH₃ H H 1A 19DB CH₃ 3 H H H H F H CH₃ H 1A 20DB CH₃ 3 H H F H H H H CH₃ 1A 21DB CH₃ 3 H H F H H H CF₃ H 1A 22DB CH₃ 3 H H Cl H H H CF₃ H 1A 23DB CH₃ 3 H H H F H CF₃ H H 1A 24DB CH₃ 3 H H H H F CF₃ H H 1A 25DB CH₃ 3 H H H F H H CF₃ H 1A 26DB CH₃ 3 H H H H F H CF₃ H 1A 27DB CH₃ 3 H H H OCF₃ H H H OCF₃

Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-heteroalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary 2-Heteroalkylamines”) compounds, wherein the 2-hetero group is an amino, substituted amino, or thiol, can be prepared by using

appropriate aziridines and thirranes according to Method A of Scheme 3. Aziridine and thiirane reagents useful in Method A are exemplified, but not limited to those in Table 1. These Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary 2-heteroalkylamine”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-heteroalkylamines”) compounds, wherein the 2-hetero group is an amino, substituted amino, or thiol, can be prepared by using “Secondary Heteroaryl Amine” amines, hydroxylamines, and hydrazines of Formula XIIIA-H prepared above with aziridines and thiiranes of the type listed in Table 1 and represented by the general structure:

wherein X is selected from N and S and R₁₆ is hydrogen or another suitable group when X is N.

A mixture of a “Secondary Heteroaryl Amine” amine, hydroxylamine, or hydrazine of Formula XIIIA-H and an oxirane of Formula XX are stirred and heated to 40-90° C. for 5 to 48 hours in a tightly capped or contained reaction vessel. A Lewis acid such as ytterbium triflate in acetonitrile may be added to speed up reaction and improve yield. When a Lewis acid is used, the reaction should be carried out under inert, anhydrous conditions using a blanket of dry nitrogen or argon gas. After cooling to room temperature and testing the reaction mixture for complete reaction by thin layer chromatography or high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc), the reaction product is added to water and extracted with a water immiscible solvent such as diethyl ether or methylene chloride. (Note: If the above analysis indicates that reaction is incomplete, heating should be resumed until complete with the optional addition of more of the oxirane). The combined aprotic solvent extract is washed with saturated brine, dried over drying agent such as anhydrous MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to yield crude Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamine”) compounds. This material is purified by eluting through silica gel with 5-40% of a medium polar solvent such as ethyl acetate in a non-polar solvent such as hexanes to yield the Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamine”). Products are tested for purity by HPLC. If necessary, the Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamine”) compounds are purified by additional chromatography or recrystallization. Products are structurally confirmed by low and high resolution mass spectrometry and NMR. Examples of specific Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) compounds prepared are summarized in the Examples and Example Tables I through 5.

Specific Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamine”) analogs of the “Polycyclic Aryl tertiary -2-hydroxyalkylamine” compounds summarized in the Examples and Example Tables 1 through 5, wherein the hydroxyl or oxy group are replaced with an amino, substituted amino, aza, or thiol, can be prepared by using the appropriate aziridine reagents or thiirane reagents readily by adapting the procedures in the numerous specific Examples and Schemes disclosed in the present invention. Similarly, intermediates, in which the hydroxyl or oxy group of said intermediates are replaced with an amino, substituted amino, aza, or thiol, can be converted using the numerous specific Examples and Schemes disclosed in the present invention to other Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamine”) analogs of the “Polycyclic Aryl tertiary -2-hydroxyalkylamine” compounds.

Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) can further be prepared in an alternate manner to procedures disclosed above and in Schemes 1, 2, and 3. Schemes 9 and 10 detail such procedures to prepare tertiary oxyalkylamine compounds of the present invention by initial formation of an halogenated, oxygen containing primary alkylamine XVL (“Generic Substituted Alkylamine”). Said halogenated, oxygen containing primary alkylamine XVL, formed in Scheme 9, is itself converted to secondary amine VLX-H (“Heteroaryl Alkyl Amine) using procedures disclosed above. Primary alkylamine XVL is first reacted with an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl compound, XI-AH (“Heteroaryl Carbonyl”) with azeotropic distillation to form imines, VL-H (“Heteroaryl Imine”). Said imine VL-H are then reduced with or without prior isolation by Reduction Methods 1, 2 or 3 as disclosed above and in Scheme 1 to yield secondary amines VLX-H (“Heteroaryl Alkyl Amine). Said secondary amine VLX-H can be converted according to Scheme 10 to VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamines”). Using similar schemes, VLX can be converted to VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Phenyl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamines”). Compounds of this invention in which one aromatic substituent is aryl and the other aromatic substitutent is heteroaryl can be readily prepared by reacting VLX-H with an aryl bromide or aralkyl bromide instead of using an heteroaryl bromide or heteroaralkyl bromide. Similarly, compounds of this invention in which one aromatic substituent is aryl and the other aromatic substitutent is heteroaryl can be readily prepared by reacting the aryl analog of VLX-H with an heteroaryl bromide or heteroaralkyl bromide instead of using an aryl bromide or aralkyl bromide.

Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) can further be prepared in an alternate manner to procedures disclosed above and in Schemes 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10. Schemes 13, 14, and 15 detail alternate procedures to prepare tertiary oxyalkylamine compounds of the present invention by initial formation of an halogenated, oxygen containing secondary alkylamines VLX and VLXX (“Phenyl Alkylamines”) and VLXX-O (“Phenyl Oxy Alkylamines”). Said secondary alkylamines VLX and VLXX (“Phenyl Alkylamines”) and VLXX-O (“Phenyl Oxy Alkylamines”) can be converted according to Schemes 13, 14 and 15 to VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamines”) by reaction with appropriate aromatic halides such as aryl bromides and heteroaryl bromides as desired.

Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) can further be prepared in an alternate manner to procedures disclosed above and in Schemes 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 14, and 15. Another alternate procedure to prepare tertiary oxyalkylamine compounds of the present invention by reacting secondary amine XIIIA-H (“Secondary Heteroaryl Amine”) with a diazo ester. The intermediate glycinate tertiary amine can then be reduced, partially reoxidized to an aldehyde, and converted using a perfluoroalkyl trimethylsilyl compound (for example, trifluoromethyl-TMS) to the desired product, VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamines”).

A particularly useful procedure to prepare Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary 2-Heteroalkylamines or “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) compounds of the present invention in which the heteroaryl group is directly bonded is disclosed in Schemes 11 and 12. An halogenated, oxygen containing primary alkylamine XVL (“Generic Substituted Alkylamine”) formed according to Scheme 9 is itself converted by reaction with LXXI-AH (“Heteroaryl Halide”) to afford secondary amine VLXX-H i“Heteroaryl Secondary Amine) using procedures disclosed in Scheme 11 and above. VLXX-H is converted to VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Phenyl Heteroaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by alkylation chemistry with an aralkyl bromide or aralkyloxyalkyl bromide using either of two procedures disclosed in Scheme 12. Isolation and purification is effected as disclosed previously.

Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and Formula VII-H (Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary 2-Heteroalkylamines or “Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) can themselves serve as intermediates for conversion to additional compounds of this invention. Compounds of Formula VII-H, Formula VII and the present invention useful as intermediates include those in which the R₇ position substituent in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) is a bromo group, hydroxyl group, sulfhydryl group, bromomethyl or other bromoalkyl groups, nitro group, amino group, methoxy carbonyl or other alkoxy carbonyl groups, cyano group, or acyl groups. Other preferred compounds of Formula VII-H, Formula VII and the present invention useful as intermediates include those in which the R₁₀ position substituent in Formula VII is a bromo group, hydroxyl group, sulfhydryl group, bromomethyl or other bromoalkyl groups, nitro group, amino group, methoxy carbonyl or other alkoxy carbonyl groups, cyano group, or acyl groups. Other compounds of Formula VII-H, Formula VII and the present invention useful as intermediates include those in which one or more of R₆, R₇, R₁₁, and R₁₂ substituents in Formula VII-H and Formula VII is a bromo group, hydroxyl group, sulfhydryl group, bromomethyl or other bromoalkyl groups, nitro group, amino group, methoxy carbonyl or other alkoxy carbonyl groups, cyano group, or acyl groups.

A 3-bromo substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Bromoaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) can be reacted with a phenol to afford 3-phenoxy compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Phenoxyaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

A 3-bromo substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Bromoheteroaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) can, as shown in Scheme 4, be reacted with a phenol to afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Aryloxyaryl, 3-Heteroaryloxyaryl, 3-Heteroaryloxyheteroaryl, and 3-Aryloxyheteroaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamines”).

A 3-bromo substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Bromoaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) can, as shown in Scheme 7, be reacted with a phenol to afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Phenylaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-bromo substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Bromoaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with a primary or secondary amine can, as shown in Scheme 8, afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-R₂₂aminoaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-bromo substituent at the R₁₀ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Bromoaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an aryl borinate can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Phenylaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-bromo substituent at the R₁₀ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Bromoaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with a heteroaryl dibutyl tin compound can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Heteroarylaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-bromomethyl substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Bromomethylaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an aryl borinate can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Arylmethylaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-hydroxyl substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Hydroxyheteroaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an aryl bromide or heteroaryl bromide can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Aryloxyaryl, 3-Heteroaryloxyaryl, 3-Heteroaryloxyheteroaryl, and 3-Aryloxyheteroaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamines”).

Conversion of a 3-hydroxyl substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Hydroxyaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an aryl bromide can afford, as described Scheme 5, additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Phenoxyaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-hydroxyl substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Hydroxyheteroaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an aralkyl bromide or heteroaralkyl bromide can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Aralkyloxyaryl, 3-Heteroaralkyloxyaryl, 3-Heteroaralkyloxyheteroaryl, and 3-Aralkyloxyheteroaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamines”).

Conversion of a 3-hydroxyl substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Hydroxyaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an aralkyl bromide can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Aralkyloxyaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-hydroxyl substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Hydroxyaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an R₁₇-bromide can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-R₁₇-oxyaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-thio substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-thioaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an R₁₇-bromide can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-R₁₇thiaaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”). “Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-R₁₇thiaaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamines” can be oxidized to sulfonyl compounds of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-R₇sulfonylaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-nitro substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Nitroaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by hydrogenation can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Aminoaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”). “Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Aminoaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamines” can be acylated to acyl amide compounds of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Acylaminoaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-amino substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Aminoaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with carbonyl compounds can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-(Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycl-lyl)aryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine” and “Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-(Unsaturated Nitrogen Heterocycl-1yl)aryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-methoxycarbonyl substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Carbomethoxyaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with amination reagents can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Carboxamidoaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-cyano substituent at the R₇ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Cyanoaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with organometallic reagents can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Acylaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”). Said “Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Acylaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamines”, can be reduced to hydroxyl compounds of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Hydroxysubstitutedmethylaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-methoxycarbonyl substituent at the R₁₀ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Carbomethoxyaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with amination reagents can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Carboxamidoaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-methoxycarbonyl substituent at the R₁₀ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Carbomethoxyaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an organometallic reagent can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-(bis-R₂₀-hydroxymethyl)aryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-methoxycarbonyl substituent at the R₁₀ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Carbomethoxyaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with lithium aluminum hydride can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Hydroxymethylaryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-methoxycarbonyl substituent at the R₁₀ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Carbomethoxyaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction with an alkylation reagent can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-(bis-R₂₁-hydroxymethyl)aryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Conversion of a 3-methoxycarbonyl substituent at the R₁₀ position in Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-Carbomethoxyaryl Tertiary 2-hydroxyalkylamine”) by reaction intially with an amidation reagent and then an R₂₀-organometallic reagent can afford additional compounds of the present invention of Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic 3-(R₂₀-carbonyl)aryl Tertiary 2-Hydroxyalkylamine”).

Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”), Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and other compounds of this invention possessing hydroxyl, thiol, and amine functional groups can be converted to a wide variety derivatives. The hydroxyl group X, wherein R₁₆ is a hydrogen, of compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H, and other compounds of the present invention can be readily converted to esters of carboxylic, sulfonic, carbamic, phosphonic, and phosphoric acids. Acylation to form a carboxylic acid ester is readily effected using a suitable acylating reagent such as an aliphatic acid anhydride or acid chloride. The corresponding aryl and heteroaryl acid anhydrides and acid chlorides can also be used. Such reactions are generally carried out using an amine catalyst such as pyridine in an inert solvent. In like manner, compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H, and Cyclo-VII that have at least one hydroxyl group present in the form of an alcohol or phenol can be acylated to its corresponding esters. Similarly, carbamic acid esters (urethans) can be obtained by reacting any hydroxyl group with isocyanates and carbamoyl chlorides. Sulfonate, phosphonate, and phosphate esters can be prepared using the corresponding acid chloride and similar reagents. Compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H, and Cyclo-VII that have at least one thiol group present can be converted to the corresponding thioesters derivatives analogous to those of alcohols and phenols using the same reagents and comparable reaction conditions. Compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H, and Cyclo-VII that have at least one primary or secondary amine group present can be converted to the corresponding amide derivatives. Amides of carboxylic acids can be prepared using the appropriate acid chloride or anhydrides with reaction conditions analogous to those used with alcohols and phenols. Ureas of the corresponding primary or secondary amine can be prepared using isocyanates directly and carbamoyl chlorides in the presence of an acid scavenger such as triethylamine or pyridine. Sulfonamides can be prepared from the corresponding sulfonyl chloride in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. Suitable procedures and methods for preparing these derivatives can be found in House's Modern Synthetic Reactions, W. A. Benjamin, Inc., Shriner, Fuson, and Curtin in The Systematic Indentification of Organic Compounds, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, and Fieser and Fieser in Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volume 1, John Wiley & Sons. Reagents of a wide variety that can be used to derivatize hydroxyl, thiol, and amines of compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H, and Cyclo-VII are available from commerical sources or the references cited above, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”), Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and other compounds of this invention possessing hydroxyl, thiol, and amine functional groups can be alkylated to a wide variety derivatives. The hydroxyl group X, wherein R₁₆ is a hydrogen, of compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H and other compounds of the present invention can be readily converted to ethers. Alkylation to form an ether is readily effected using a suitable alkylating reagent such as an alkyl bromide, alkyl iodide or alkyl sulfonate. The corresponding aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aralkyloxyalkyl, and heteroaralkyloxyalkyl bromides, iodides, and sulfonates can also be used. Such reactions are generally carried out using an alkoxide forming reagent such as sodium hydride, potassium t-butoxide, sodium amide, lithium amide, and n-butyl lithium using an inert polar solvent such as DMF, DMSO, THF, and similar, comparable solvents. amine catalyst such as pyridine in an inert solvent. In like manner, compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H, and Cyclo-VII that have at least one hydroxyl group present in the form of an alcohol or phenol can be alkylated to their corresponding ethers. Compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H, and Cyclo-VII that have at least one thiol group present can be converted to the corresponding thioether derivatives analogous to those of alcohols and phenols using the same reagents and comparable reaction conditions. Compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H, and Cyclo-VII that have at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine group present can be converted to the corresponding quaternary ammonium derivatives. Quaternary ammonium derivatives can be prepared using the appropriate bromides, iodides, and sulfonates analogous to those used with alcohols and phenols. Conditions involve reaction of the amine by warming it with the alkylating reagent with a stoichiometric amount of the amine (i.e., one equivalent with a tertiary amine, two with a secondary, and three with a primary). With primary and secondary amines, two and one equivalents, respectively, of an acid scavenger are used concurrently. Tertiary amines can be prepared from the corresponding primary or secondary amine by reductive alkylation with aldehydes and ketones using reduction methods 1, 2, or 3 as shown in Scheme 1. Suitable procedures and methods for preparing these derivatives can be found in House's Modern Synthetic Reactions, W. A. Benjamin, Inc., Shriner, Fuson, and Curtin in The Systematic Indentification of Organic Compounds, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, and Fieser and Fieser in Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volume 1, John Wiley & Sons. Perfluoroalkyl derivatives can be prepared as described by DesMarteau in J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 2241 (1998). Reagents of a wide variety that can be used to derivatize hydroxyl, thiol, and amines of compounds of Formulas VII, VII-H, and Cyclo-VII are available from commerical sources or the references cited above, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Formula VII (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Aryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”), Formula VII-H (“Generic Substituted Polycyclic Heteroaryl tertiary-2-hydroxyalkylamines”) and certain other compounds of this invention can be converted, according to Scheme 6, to the corresponding cyclic derivatives represented by the general designation “Tricyclic tertiary-oxyalkylamines” exmplified by Formula Cyclo-VII (“Substituted Tricyclic Phenyl tertiary-2-oxyalkylamines”). The hydroxyl group X, wherein R₁₆ is a hydrogen of compounds of Formulas VII and VII-H can be cyclized to corresponding cyclic ethers. Compounds suitable for cyclization will normally have at least one leaving group within 5 to 10 continuous atoms of the hydroxyl group X wherein R₁₆ is a hydrogen. Most preferrably the leaving group will be within 5 to 7 atoms of the hydroxyl group X so as to form a 5 to 7 membered ring heteroatom containing ring. When the leaving group is part of an aromatic ring system, the leaving group will be preferrably in an ortho position. Suitable leaving groups generally include halides, sulfates, sulfonates, trisubsituted amino, disubstituted sulfonium, diazonium, and like, and, in the case of aromatic systems, also includes nitro, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, and alkylthio. When X-R₁₆ is a thiol, amino, or substituted amino, the corresponding analogous sulfur and nitrogen analogs, Cyclo-VII (“Substituted Tricyclic Phenyl tertiary-2-thioalkylamines and tertiary-2-azaalkylamines”), of Formula Cyclo-VII (“Substituted Tricyclic Phenyl tertiary-2-oxyalkylamines”) can be obtained.

The cyclization reaction to form “Tricyclic tertiary-oxyalkylamines” can be accomplished by aromatic and aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reactions such as those disclosed in March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, especially at pages 293-412 and 649-658 and the references cited therein, which are incorporated herein by reference. Hydroxyl containing suitably substituted compounds can be converted to a cyclic analog by heating a suitably substituted compound under anhydrous conditions in a suitable solvent, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetraglyme, or hexamethylphosphoramide, in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium tertiary-butoxide, or lithium diisopropylamide. Alternately, sodium amide in anhydrous ammonia solvent can be used. Temperatures in the range of −20° C. to 200° C. can be used for time periods of 30 minutes to more than 24 hours. The preferred temperature can be selected by standard synthetic chemical technique balancing maximum yield, maximum purity, cost, ease of isolation and operation, and time required. Isolation of the “Tricyclic tertiary-oxyalkylamines” can be effected as described above for other tertiary-oxyalkylamines. Representative “Tricyclic tertiary-oxyalkylamines” prepared using the methodology described above are included in Table 5.

Schemes are provided to detail the preparation of a large number examples, to illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds.

TABLE 5 Structure of Substituted Tricyclictertiary-2-oxyalkylamines. Cyclo-VII

Cyclized Compound of Inhibitor Number R₁ R₂ R₃ R₅ R₇ R₁₀ R₁₁ 1 27N CH₃ H H F H CF₃ H 1 44N CH₃ H H F H CH₃ H 1 76N CH₃ H H F H H OCF₃ 1 84N CH₃ H H F H H CH₃ 1 85N CH₃ H H CF₃ H H CH₃ 3  3N CH₃ CH₃ H H F O H CF₂CF₂H 3 27N CH₃ CH₃ H F H CF₃ H 3 44N CH₃ CH₃ H F H CH₃ H 3 76N CH₃ CH₃ H F H H OCF₃ 3 84N CH₃ CH₃ H F H H CH₃ 3 85N CH₃ CH₃ H CF₃ H H CH₃ 5  3N CH₃CH₂CH₂ H H H F O H CF₂CF₂H 5 27N CH₃CH₂CH₂ H H F H CF₃ H 5 44N CH₃CH₂CH₂ H H F H CH₃ H 5 76N CH₃CH₂CH₂ H H F H H OCF₃ 5 84N CH₃CH₂CH₂ H H F H H CH₃ 5 85N CH₃CH₂CH₂ H H CF₃ H H CH₃ 6  3N CH₃OCH₂CH₂ H H H F O H CF₂CF₂H 6 27N CH₃OCH₂CH₂ H H F H CF₃ H 6 44N CH₃OCH₂CH₂ H H F H CH₃ H 6 76N CH₃OCH₂CH₂ H H F H H OCF₃ 6 84N CH₃OCH₂CH₂ H H F H H CH₃ 6 85N CH₃OCH₂CH₂ H H CF₃ H H CH₃ 10  3N CH₃ C₆H₅ H H F O H CF₂CF₂H 10 27N CH₃ C₆H₅ H F H CF₃ H 10 44N CH₃ C₆H₅ H F H CH₃ H 10 76N CH₃ C₆H₅ H F H H OCF₃ 10 84N CH₃ C₆H₅ H F H H CH₃ 10 85N CH₃ C₆H₅ H CF₃ H H CH₃ 25  3N CH₂═CH H H H F O H CF₂CF₂H 25 27N CH₂═CH H H F H CF₃ H 25 44N CH₂═CH H H F H CH₃ H 25 76N CH₂═CH H H F H H OCF₃ 25 84N CH₂═CH H H F H H CH₃ 25 85N CH₂═CH H H CF₃ H H CH₃ 30  3N HOCH₂ H H H F O H CF₂CF₂H 30 27N HOCH₂ H H F H CF₃ H 30 44N HOCH₂ H H F H CH₃ H 30 76N HOCH₂ H H F H H OCF₃ 30 84N HOCH₂ H H F H H CH₃ 30 85N HOCH₂ H H CF₃ H H CH₃ 34  3N CH₃ R₂ + R₃ = H F O H (CH₂)₄ CF₂CF₂H 34 27N CH₃ R₂ + R₃ = F H CF₃ H (CH₂)₄ 34 44N CH₃ R₂ + R₃ = F H CH₃ H (CH₂)₄ 34 76N CH₃ R₂ + R₃ = F H H OCF₃ (CH₂)₄ 34 84N CH₃ R₂ + R₃ = F H H CH₃ (CH₂)₄ 34 85N CH₃ R₂ + R₃ = CF₃ H H CH₃ (CH₂)₄ 46  3N C₆H₅ H H H F O H CF₂CF₂H 46 27N C₆H₅ H H F H CF₃ H 46 44N C₆H₅ H H F H CH₃ H 46 76N C₆H₅ H H F H H OCF₃ 46 84N C₆H₅ H H F H H CH₃ 46 85N C₆H₅ H H CF₃ H H CH₃

The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding descriptions, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. Therefore the following preferred specific embodiments are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. Compounds containing multiple variations of the structural modifications illustrated in the preceding schemes or the following Examples are also contemplated. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds.

One skilled in the art may use these generic methods to prepare the following specific examples, which have been or may be properly characterized by ¹H NMR and mass spectrometry. These compounds also may be formed in vivo.

The following examples contain detailed descriptions of the methods of preparation of compounds of Formula V-H. These detailed descriptions fall within the scope and are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not intended as a restriction on the scope of the invention. All parts are by weight and temperatures are Degrees centigrade unless otherwise indicated.

EXAMPLE 1

To a methylene chloride (5 mL) solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-styrene oxide (0.70 g, 3.7 mmol) and N-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-N-[[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amine (1.34 g, 3.7 mmol) was added Yb(OTf)₃ (461 mg, 0.74 mmol). The resulting slurry was stirred for 18 h at room temperature under nitrogen. Diethyl ether (50 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to give a pale green oil. Thin-layer chromatography of the isolated oil suggested two major products. Separation and purification of the products was accomplished by flash-column chromatography over silica gel (60 g), eluting with 15% ethyl acetate in hexanes. Fractions were collected containing pure fraction of the two products separately. The fractions containing the more mobile, less polar band were evaporated to an oil. The oil was taken up in ethanol, evaporated and dried in vacuo for 24 h to give 230 mg (10%) of the desired EX-1A, 2-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl[[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol, as an oil. MS: m/z=548 [M+H]⁺, Anal. calcd. for C₂₉H₂₃O₃NF₆.0.16 EtOH: C, 63.62; H, 4.23; N, 2.56. Found: C, 63.46; H, 4.26; N, 2.54. Structure confirmed by ¹H NMR (C₆D₆) in which the OH signal at 1.31 ppm appears as a doublet and pcosy NMR.

The fractions containing the less mobile, more polar band were evaporated to an oil. The oil was taken up in ethanol, evaporated and dried in vacuo for 24 h to give 910 mg (45%) of the desired EX-1B, 2-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl[[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol, as an oil. MS: m/z=548 [M+H]⁺, Anal. calcd. for C₂₉H₂₃O₃NF₆.0.40 EtOH: C, 63.28; H, 4.46; N, 2.52. Found: C, 63.17; H, 4.41; N, 2.44. Structure confirmed by ¹H NMR (C₆D₆) in which the OH signal at 0.84 ppm appears as a triplet and pcosy NMR.

Additional substituted 2-[(N-aryl)[N-arylmethyl]amino]alkanols and 2-[(N-aralkyl)[N-arylmethyl]amino]alkanols can be prepared by one skilled in the art using similar methods with the appropriate epoxide and amine, as shown in Example Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Additional substituted 2-[(N-aryl)[N-arylmethyl]amino]cycloalkanols can also be prepared by one skilled in the art using similar methods with the appropriate epoxide and amine, as shown in Example Table 3.

Example Table 1. Substituted 2-[(N-aryl)[N-arylmethyl]amino]alkanols.

Calculated Observed Ex. Mass Mass No. R₁ [M + H]⁺ [M + H]⁺ 2 n-propyl 446.1943 446.1940 3 phenyl 480.1786 480.1792 4 ethenyl 430.1630 430.1621 5 benzyl 494.1943 494.1935 6 (p-Cl-phenoxy)- 544.1502 544.1507 methyl 7 (2-furylmethoxy)- 514.1841 514.1797 methyl

Calculated Observed Ex. Mass Mass No. R₁ R₂ R₃ [M + H]⁺ [M + H]⁺ 8 H H 3-CF₃- 548.1660 548.1676 phenyl 9 CO₂CH₃ CH₃ H 476.1685 476.1702

Calculated Observed Ex. Mass Mass No. R₁ [M + H]⁺ [M + H]⁺ 10 phenyl 512.1848 512.1833

Example Table 2. Substituted 2-[(N-aralkyl)[N-arylmethyl]amino]alkanols.

Calculated Observed Ex. Mass Mass No. R₁ [M + H]⁺ [M + H]⁺ 11 n-propyl 452.1660 452.1669 12 benzyl 500.1660 500.1648 13 methoxymethyl 454.1453 454.1488 14 methyl 424.1347 424.1344 15 carboethoxy 482.1402 482.1421 16 hydroxymethyl 440.1296 440.1288 17 phenoxymethyl 516.1609 516.1631 18 (p-Cl-phenoxy)- 550.1220 550.1210 methyl 19 N-morpholinyl- 509.1875 509.1874 methyl 20 N-phthalimido- 569.1510 569.1521 methyl 21 (p-CH₃O-phenoxy)- 546.1714 546.1724 methyl

Calculated Observed Ex. Mass Mass No. R₃ [M + H]⁺ [M + H]⁺ 22 CH₃ 500.1660 500.1613 23 phenyl 562.1817 562.1768 24 carboethoxy 558.1715 558.1720

Calculated Observed Ex. Mass Mass No. R₁ [M + H]⁺ [M + H]⁺ 25 n-hexyl 474.2431 474.2446

Example Table 3. Substituted 2-[(N-aryl)[N-arylmethyl]amino]cyclohexanols.

Calculated Observed Ex. Mass Mass No. R₂ + R₃ [M + H]⁺ [M + H]⁺ 26 (CH₂)₄ 458.1943 458.1958

EXAMPLE 27

EX-27A) To a CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) solution of 4-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid (0.714 g, 3.5 mmol) and pyridine (0.281 mL, 3.5 mmol) at 0 ° C. was added cyanuric fluoride (0.62 g, 4.6 mmol) dropwise causing the formation of a precipitate. The slurry was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h, and then the reaction mixture was quenched with ice water (30 mL). The mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×30 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated to approx. 10 mL. The resulting yellow solution of the acid fluoride was added to a CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) solution of N-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amine (1.00 g, 2.79 mmol) and triethylamine (0.425 mL, 3.05 mmol). This reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) and washed with 1 N HCl, saturated NaHCO₃ and brine. Concentration of the organic layer yielded 1.41 g of the desired amide, N-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl-N-(3-tri-fluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanamide, as a red oil which was used without further purification.

To a THF (10 mL) solution of the crude amide (1.41 g, 2.58 mmol) from EX-27A at 0° C. was added dropwise a THF solution of LiAlH₄ (5.0 mL, 1.0 M, 5.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by the slow addition of water (0.15 mL), 2.5 N NaOH (0.15 mL) and water (0.45 mL). The resulting slurry was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and evaporated to a yellow oil. Purification by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate in hexane gave 32 mg (2%) of the desired pure N-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl]-N-[[(3-trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanamine as an oil. HRMS calcd. for C₂₉H₂₄NO₂F₆ 532.1711 [M+H]⁺, found 532.1686. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ2.40 (t, 2H), 3.02 (t, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 6.21 (dd, 1H), 6.43 (m, 2H), 6.56 (d, 2H), 6.64 (m, 1H), 6.78 (m, 4H), 7.0 (m, 5H), 7.24 (d, 2H).

EXAMPLE 28

To a CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) solution of EX-1A (153 mg, 0.28 mmol) at −78° C. was added (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (40 mL, 0.30 mmol). The solution was stirred for 15 min at −78° C. and allowed to reach room temperature. After 1 h at room temperature, the solution was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and then washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and evaporated to an oil. Purification by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in hexane gave 21 mg (14%) of the desired pure N-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl]-N-[[(3-trifluoro-methoxy)phenyl]methyl]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-fluoro-ethanamine as an oil. HRMS calcd. for C₂₉H₂₃NO₂F₇ 550.1617 [M+H]⁺, found 3078550.1652. ¹⁹F NMR (CDCl₃) δ−57.9 (s, 3F), −62.7 (s, 3F), −184.3 (m, 1F). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ3.13 (m, 2H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 5.35 (m, 1H), 6.2 (d, 1H), 6.4 (t, 1H), 6.5 (d, 1H), 6.6-7.0 (m, 12H), 7.2 (d, 2H).

Based on the preceding procedures, additional substituted 2-[(N-aryl)[N-arylmethyl]amino]alkanols and additional substituted 2-[(N-aryl)[N-aralkyl]amino]cycloalkanols are prepared by one skilled in the art using similar methods, as shown in Example Tables 4 and 5, respectively.

Example Table 4. Substituted 2-[(N-aryl)[N-arylmethyl]amino]alkanols.

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 29 3-isopropyl 30 2-Cl, 3-Cl 31 3-CF₃O 32 4-F 33 4-CH₃ 34 2-F, 5-Br 35 3-CF₃CF₂ 36 3-CH₃CH2 37 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 38 3-(CH₃)₃C 39 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 40 3-Cl, 4-Cl 41 3,4-(CH₂)4 42 3-HCF₂CF₂O 43 3-CHF₂O 44 3-(CH₃)₂N 45 3-cyclopropyl 46 3-(2-furyl) 47 3-CF₃CF₂ 48 4-NH₂ 49 4CH₃CH₂CH₂O

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 50 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 51 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 52 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 53 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 54 benzyloxy 55 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 56 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 57 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 58 isopropoxy 59 3-CF₃-benzyl 60 isopropylthio 61 cyclopentoxy 62 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 63 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 64 4-NO₂-phenylthio 65 2-F, 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 66 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 67 cyclopropoxy 68 1-phenylethoxy 69 4-F, 3-CH3-benzoyl 70 3-CF₃-phenyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 71 3-isopropyl 72 2-Cl, 3-Cl 73 3-CF₃O 74 4-F 75 4-CH₃ 76 2-F, 5-Br 77 3-CF₃CF₂ 78 3-CH₃CH₂ 79 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 80 3-(CH₃)₃C 81 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 82 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 83 3,4-(CH₂)4 84 3-HCF₂CF₂O 85 3-CHF₂O 86 3-(CH₃)₂N 87 3-cyclopropyl 88 3-(2-furyl) 89 3-CF₃CF₂ 90 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 91 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 92 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 93 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 94 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 95 benzyloxy 96 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 97 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 98 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 99 isopropoxy 100 3-CF₃-benzyl 101 isopropylthio 102 cyclopentoxy 103 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 104 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 105 4-NO2-phenylthio 106 3-CF₃-phenyl 107 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 108 cyclopropoxy 109 1-phenylethoxy 110 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 111 3-isopropyl 112 2-Cl, 3-Cl 113 3-CF₃O 114 4-F 115 4-CH₃ 116 2-F, 5-Br 117 3-CF₃CF₂ 118 3-CH₃CH₂ 119 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 120 3-(CH₃)₃C 121 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 122 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 123 3,4-(CH₂)4 124 3-HCF₂CF₂O 125 3-CHF₂O 126 3-(CH₃)₂N 127 3-cyclopropyl 128 3-(2-furyl) 129 3-CF₃CF₂ 130 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 131 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 132 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 133 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 134 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 135 benzyloxy 136 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 137 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 138 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 139 isopropoxy 140 3-CF₃-benzyl 141 isopropylthio 142 cyclopentoxy 143 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 144 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 145 4-NO₂-phenylthio 146 3-CF₃-phenyl 147 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 148 cyclopropoxy 149 1-phenylethoxy 150 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 151 3-isopropyl 152 2-Cl, 3-Cl 153 3-CF₃O 154 4-F 155 4-CH₃ 156 2-F, 5-Br 157 3-CF₃CF₂ 158 3-CH₃CH₂ 159 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 160 3-(CH₃)₃C 161 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 162 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 163 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 164 3-HCF₂CF₂O 165 3-CHF₂O 166 3-(CH₃)₂N 167 3-cyclopropyl 168 3-(2-furyl) 169 3-CF₃CF₂ 170 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 171 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 172 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 173 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 174 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 175 benzyloxy 176 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 177 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 178 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 179 isopropoxy 180 3-CF₃-benzyl 181 isopropylthio 182 cyclopentoxy 183 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 184 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 185 4-NO₂-phenylthio 186 3-CF₃-phenyl 187 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 188 cyclopropoxy 189 1-phenylethoxy 190 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 191 3-isopropyl 192 2-Cl, 3-Cl 193 3-CF₃O 194 4-F 195 4-CH₃ 196 2-F, 5-Br 197 3-CF₃CF₂ 198 3-CH₃CH₂ 199 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 200 3-(CH₃)₃C 201 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 202 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 203 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 204 3-HCF₂CF₂O 205 3-CHF₂O 206 3-(CH₃)₂N 207 3-cyclopropyl 208 3-(2-furyl) 209 3-CF₃CF₂ 210 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 211 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 212 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 213 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 214 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 215 benzyloxy 216 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 217 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 218 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 219 isopropoxy 220 3-CF₃-benzyl 221 isopropylthio 222 cyclopentoxy 223 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 224 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 225 4-NO₂-phenylthio 226 3-CF₃-phenyl 227 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 228 cyclopropoxy 229 1-phenylethoxy 230 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 231 3-isopropyl 232 2-Cl, 3-Cl 233 3-CF₃O 234 4-F 235 4-CH₃ 236 2-F, 5-Br 237 3-CF₃CF₂ 238 3-CH₃CH₂ 239 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 240 3-(CH₃)₃C 241 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 242 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 243 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 244 3-HCF₂CF₂O 245 3-CHF₂O 246 3-(CH₃)₂N 247 3-cyclopropyl 248 3-(2-furyl) 249 3-CF₃CF₂ 250 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 251 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 252 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 253 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 254 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 255 benzyloxy 256 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 257 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 258 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 259 isopropoxy 260 3-CF₃-benzyl 261 isopropylthio 262 cyclopentoxy 263 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 264 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 265 4-NO₂-phenylthio 266 3-CF₃-phenyl 267 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 268 cyclopropoxy 269 1-phenylethoxy 270 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 271 3-isopropyl 272 2-Cl, 3-Cl 273 3-CF₃O 274 4-F 275 4-CH₃ 276 2-F, 5-Br 277 3-CF₃CF₂ 278 3-CH₃CH₂ 279 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 280 3-(CH₃)₃C 281 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 282 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 283 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 284 3-HCF₂CF₂O 285 3-CHF₂O 286 3-(CH₃)₂N 287 3-cyclopropyl 288 3-(2-furyl) 289 3-CF₃CF₂ 290 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 291 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 292 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 293 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 294 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 295 benzyloxy 296 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 297 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 298 4-CH₃CH₂-benzy-oxy 299 isopropoxy 300 3-CF₃-benzyl 301 isopropylthio 302 cyclopentoxy 303 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 304 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 305 4-NO₂-phenylthio 306 3-CF₃-phenyl 307 4-CH₃O-pheny1amino 308 cyclopropoxy 309 1-phenylethoxy 310 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 311 3-isopropyl 312 2-Cl, 3-Cl 313 3-CF₃O 314 4-F 315 4-CH₃ 316 2-F, 5-Br 317 3-CF₃CF₂ 318 3-CH₃CH₂ 319 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 320 3-(CH₃)₃C 321 4-Cl, 3-C-3CH₂ 322 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 323 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 324 3-HCF₂CF₂O 325 3-CHF₂O 326 3-(CH₃)₂N 327 3-cyclopropyl 328 3-(2-furyl) 329 3-CF₃CF₂ 330 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 331 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 332 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 333 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 334 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 335 benzyloxy 336 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 337 4-CF₃O-benzyIoxy 338 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 339 isopropoxy 340 3-CF₃-benzyl 341 isopropylthio 342 cyclopentoxy 343 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 344 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 345 4-NO₂-phenylthio 346 3-CF₃-phenyl 347 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 348 cyclopropoxy 349 1-phenylethoxy 350 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 351 3-isopropyl 352 2-Cl, 3-Cl 353 3-CF₃O 354 4-F 355 4-CH₃ 356 2-F, 5-Br 357 3-CF₃CF₂ 358 3-CH₃CH₂ 359 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 360 3-(CH₃)₃C 361 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 362 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 363 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 364 3-HCF₂CF₂O 365 3-CHF₂O 366 3-(CH₃)₂N 367 3-cyclopropyl 368 3-(2-furyl) 369 3-CF₃CF₂ 370 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB) ₂ 371 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 372 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 373 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 374 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 375 benzyloxy 376 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 377 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 378 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 379 isopropoxy 380 3-CF₃-benzyl 381 isopropyithio 382 cyclopentoxy 383 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 384 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 385 4-NO₂-phenylthio 386 3-CF₃-phenyl 387 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 388 cyclopropoxy 389 1-phenylethoxy 390 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 391 3-isopropyl 392 2-Cl, 3-Cl 393 3-CF₃O 394 4-F 395 4-CH₃ 396 2-F, 5-Br 397 3-CF₃CF₂ 398 3-CH₃CH₂ 399 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 400 3-(CH₃)₃C 401 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 402 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 403 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 404 3-HCF₂CF₂O 405 3-CHF₂O 406 3-(CH₃)₂N 407 3-cyclopropyl 408 3-(2-furyl) 409 3-CF₃CF₂ 410 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 411 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 412 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 413 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 414 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 415 benzyloxy 416 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 417 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 418 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 419 isopropoxy 420 3-CF₃-benzyl 421 isopropylthio 422 cyclopentoxy 423 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 424 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 425 4-NO2-phenylthio 426 3-CF₃-phenyl 427 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 428 cyclopropoxy 429 1-phenylethoxy 430 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) R_(SUB2) 431 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃O 432 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 433 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 434 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 435 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 436 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 437 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 438 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 439 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 440 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 441 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 442 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 443 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 444 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 445 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 446 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 447 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃S 448 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 449 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 450 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 451 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃S 452 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 453 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 454 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 455 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S 456 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 457 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 458 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 459 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) R_(SUB2) 460 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃O 461 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 462 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 463 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 464 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 465 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 466 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 467 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 468 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 469 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 470 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 471 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 472 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 473 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 474 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 475 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 476 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃S 477 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 478 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 479 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 480 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃S 481 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 482 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 483 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 484 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S 485 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 486 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 487 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 488 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) R_(SUB2) 489 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃O 490 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 491 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 492 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-C F3 493 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 494 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 495 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 496 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 497 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 498 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 499 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 500 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 501 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 502 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 503 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 504 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 505 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃S 506 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 507 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 508 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 509 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃S 510 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 511 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 512 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 513 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S 514 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 515 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 516 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 517 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) R_(SUB2) 518 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃O 519 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 520 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 521 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 522 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 523 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 524 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 525 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 526 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 527 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 528 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 529 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 530 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 531 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 532 3 -CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 533 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 534 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃S 535 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 536 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 537 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 538 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃S 539 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 540 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 541 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 542 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S 543 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 544 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 4CF₃ 545 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 546 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) R_(SUB2) 547 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃O 548 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 549 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 550 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 551 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 552 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 553 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 554 3-ethylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 555 3-ethylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 556 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 557 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 558 3-isopropylphenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 559 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-CF₃S 560 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 561 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 562 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 563 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-CF₃S 564 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 565 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 566 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 567 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-CF₃S 568 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 569 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 570 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 571 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S 572 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃CF₂ 573 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 4-CF₃ 574 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 2-F, 5-CF₃ 575 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-CF₃S 576 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy 3-OCF₂CF₂H 577 3-CF₃O-phenoxy 3-OCF₂CF₂H 578 2,3-dichlorophenoxy 3-OCF₂CF₂H 579 3-ethylphenoxy 3-OCF₂CF₂H 580 3-isopropylphenoxy 3-OCF₂CF₂H 581 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 3-OCF₂CF₂H 582 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 3-OCF₂CF₂H

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 583 3-isopropyl 584 2-Cl, 3-Cl 585 3-CF₃O 586 4-F 587 4-CH₃ 588 2-F, 5-Br 589 3-CF₃CF₂ 590 3-CH₃CH₂ 591 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 592 3-(CH₃)₃C 593 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 594 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 595 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 596 3-HCF₂CF₂O 597 3-CHF₂O 598 3-(CH₃)₂N 599 3-cyclopropyl 600 3-(2-furyl) 601 3-CF₃CF₂ 602 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 603 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 604 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 605 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 606 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 607 benzyloxy 608 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 609 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 610 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 611 isopropoxy 612 3-CF₃-benzyl 613 isopropylthio 614 cyclopentoxy 615 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 616 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 617 4-NO₂-phenylthio 618 3-CF₃-phenyl 619 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 620 cyclopropoxy 621 1-phenylethoxy 622 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. No. R_(SUB1) 623 3-isopropyl 624 2-Cl, 3-Cl 625 3-CF₃O 626 4-F 627 4-CH₃ 628 2-F, 5-Br 629 3-CF₃CF₂ 630 3-CH₃CH₂ 631 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 632 3-(CH₃)₃C 633 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 634 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 635 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 636 3-HCF₂CF₂O 637 3-CHF₂O 638 3-(CH₃)₂N 639 3-cyclopropyl 640 3-(2-furyl) 641 3-CF₃CF₂ 642 4-NH₂

Ex. No. R_(SUB2) 643 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 644 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 645 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 646 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 647 benzyloxy 648 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 649 4CF₃O-benzyloxy 650 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 651 isopropoxy 652 3-CF₃-benzyl 653 isopropylthio 654 cyclopentoxy 655 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 656 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 657 4-NO₂-phenylthio 658 3-CF₃-phenyl 659 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 660 cyclopropoxy 661 1-phenylethoxy 662 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Example Table 5. Substituted 2-[(N-aryl)[N-aralkyl]amino]cycloalkanols.

Ex. Ex. No. R_(SUB1) No. R_(SUB2) 663 3-isopropyl 683 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 664 2-Cl, 3-Cl 684 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 665 3-CF₃O 685 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 666 4-F 686 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 667 4-CH₃ 687 benzyloxy 668 2-F, 5-Br 688 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 669 3-CF₃CF₂ 689 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 670 3-CH₃CH₂ 690 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 671 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 691 isopropoxy 672 3-(CH₃)₃C 692 3-CF₃-benzyl 673 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 693 isopropylthio 674 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 694 cyclopentoxy 675 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 695 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 676 3-HCF₂CF₂O 696 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 677 3-CHF₂O 697 4-NO₂-phenylthio 678 3-(CH₃)₂N 698 3-CF₃-phenyl 679 3-cyclopropyl 699 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 680 3-(2-furyl) 700 cyclopropoxy 681 3-CF₃CF₂ 701 1-phenylethoxy 682 4-NH₂ 702 4F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Ex. Ex. No. R_(SUB1) No. R_(SUB2) 703 3-isopropyl 723 3-CF₃O-benzyloxy 704 2-Cl, 3-Cl 724 3-CF₃-benzyloxy 705 3-CF₃O 725 3-F, 5-F-benzyloxy 706 4-F 726 cyclohexylmethyleneoxy 707 4-CH₃ 727 benzyloxy 708 2-F, 5-Br 728 3-CF₃, 5-CF₃-benzyloxy 709 3-CF₃CF₂ 729 4-CF₃O-benzyloxy 710 3-CH₃CH₂ 730 4-CH₃CH₂-benzyloxy 711 3-CH₃, 5-CH₃ 731 isopropoxy 712 3-(CH₃)₃C 732 3-CF₃-benzyl 713 4-Cl, 3-CH₃CH₂ 733 isopropylthio 714 4-CH₃CH₂CH₂O 734 cyclopentoxy 715 3,4-(CH₂)₄ 735 3-Cl-5-pyridinyloxy 716 3-HCF₂CF₂O 736 3-CF₃S-benzyloxy 717 3-CHF₂O 737 4-NO₂-phenylthio 718 3-(CH₃)₂N 738 3-CF₃-phenyl 719 3-cyclopropyl 739 4-CH₃O-phenylamino 720 3-(2-furyl) 740 cyclopropoxy 721 3-CF₃CF₂ 741 1-phenylethoxy 722 4-NH₂ 742 4-F, 3-CH₃-benzoyl

Bioassays

CETP Activity in Vitro

Assay of CETP Inhibition Using Purified Components (Reconstituted Buffer Assay)

The ability of compounds to inhibit CETP activity was assessed using an in vitro assay that measured the rate of transfer of radiolabeled cholesteryl ester ([³H]CE) from HDL donor particles to LDL acceptor particles. Details of the assay are provided by Glenn, K. C. et al. (Glenn and Melton, “Quantification of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP): A) CETP Activity and B) Immunochemical Assay of CETP Protein,” Meth. Enzymol., 263, 339-351 (1996)). Human recombinant CETP can be obtained from the serum-free conditioned medium of CHO cells transfected with a cDNA for CETP and purified as described by Wang, S. et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17487-17490 (1992)). To measure CETP activity, [3H]CE-labeled-HDL, LDL, CETP and assay buffer (50 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, pH 7.4; 150 mM sodium chloride; 2 mM ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA); 1% bovine serum albumin) were incubated in a final volume of 200 μL, for 2 hours at 37° C. in 96 well plates. Inhibitors were included in the assay by diluting from a 10 mM DMSO stock solution into 16% (v/v) aqueous DMSO so that the final concentration of inhibitor was 800 μM. The inhibitors were then diluted 1:1 with CETP in assay buffer, and then 25 μL of that solution was mixed with 175 μL of lipoprotein pool for assay. Following incubation, LDL was differentially precipitated by the addition of 50 μL of 1% (w/v) dextran sulfate/0.5 M magnesium chloride, mixed by vortex, and incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. A potion of the solution (200 μL) was transferred to a filter plate (Millipore). After filtration, the radioactivity present in the precipitated LDL was measured by liquid scintillation counting. Correction for non-specific transfer or precipitation was made by including samples that do not contain CETP. The rate of [³H]CE transfer using this assay was linear with respect to time and CETP concentration, up to 25-30% of [³H]CE transferred.

The potency of test compounds was determined by performing the above described assay in the presence of varying concentrations of the test compounds and determining the concentration required for 50% inhibition of transfer of [³H]CE from HDL to LDL. This value was defined as the IC₅₀. The IC₅₀ values determined from this assay are accurate when the IC₅₀ is greater than 10 nM. In the case where compounds have greater inhibitory potency, accurate measurements of IC₅₀ may be determined using longer incubation times (up to 18 hours) and lower final concentrations of CETP (<50 nM).

Examples of IC₅₀ values determined by these methods are specified in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Inhibition of CETP Activity by Examples in Reconstituted Buffer Assay. Ex. No. $\frac{{IC}_{50}}{({µM})}$

2 3.6 1B 6 8 7 12 14 26 15 1A 18 9 24 11 30 3 44 4 >50 5 >50 22 50 10 57 25 80 13 80 14 90 28 >100.0 6 >100.0 7 >100.0 15 >100.0 16 >100.0 17 >100.0 18 >100.0 19 >100.0 20 >100.0 23 >100.0 21 >100.0 24 >100.0 27 >100.0 

What we claim is:
 1. A method of treating or preventing a CETP-mediated disorder in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said compound being of Formula I:

wherein; n is 1 or 2; R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, propyl, benzyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, methoxycarbonyl, vinyl, methoxymethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, propyl, vinyl, methoxycarbonyl, benzyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl; R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, phenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, pentafluorophenyl, and 3-trifluoromethylphenyl; Y is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, and ethylidene; Z is a bond or methylene; R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently hydrogen or fluoro; R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from the group consisting of 4-aminophenoxy, benzoyl, benzyl, benzyloxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-2-nitrophenoxy, 3-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromophenoxy, 5-bromopyrid-2-yloxy, 4-butoxyphenoxy, chloro, 3-chlorobenzyl, 2-chlorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyloxy, 3-chlorobenzyloxy, 4-chlorobenzyloxy, 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 3-chloro-4-ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenylamino, 5-chloropyrid-3-yloxy, 2-cyanopyrid-3-yloxy, 4-cyanophenoxy, cyclobutoxy, cyclobutyl, cyclohexoxy, cyclohexylmethoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethoxy, cyclopropoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorobenzyl, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,3-difluorobenzyloxy, 2,4-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,4-difluorobenzyloxy, 2,5-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorobenzyloxy, 4-difluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 2,3-difluorophenoxy, 2,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy, 3-dimethylaminophenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylbenzyl, 3,4-dimethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-dimethylbenzyloxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1,3-dioxan-2-yl, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, ethoxy, 4-ethoxyphenoxy, 4-ethylbenzyloxy, 3-ethylphenoxy , 4-ethylaminophenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, fluoro, 4-fluoro -3-methylbenzyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxy, 2-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 3-fluoro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-fluorophenoxy, 3-fluoro-2-nitrophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 2-fluorobenzyloxy, 4-fluorophenylamino, 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yloxy, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl, 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, 3-iodobenzyloxy, isobutyl, isobutylamino, isobutoxy, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, isopropoxy, isopropyl, 4-isopropylbenzyloxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 4-isopropylphenoxy, isopropylthio, 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenoxy, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 4-methoxycarbonylbutoxy, 3-methoxycarbonylprop-2-enyloxy, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenylamino, 4-methoxyphenylamino, 3-methylbenzyloxy, 4-methylbenzyloxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-methyl-4-methylthiophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpyrid-5-yloxy, 4-methylthiophenoxy, 2-naphthyloxy, 2-nitrophenoxy, 4-nitrophenoxy, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenylthio, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropyl, phenoxy, phenylamino, 1-phenylethoxy, phenylsulfonyl, 4-propanoylphenoxy, propoxy, 4-propylphenoxy, 4-propoxyphenoxy, thiophen-3-yl, sec-butyl, 4-sec-butylphenoxy, tert-butoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 4-tert-butylphenoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 2,3,5-trifluorobenzyloxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2,4-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, 2,3,4-trifluorophenoxy, 2,3,4-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenoxy, 3,4,5-trimethylphenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy, and trifluoromethylthio; R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, hydrogen, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy; R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said compound is of Formula I, wherein; n is 1; R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, isopropyl, isobutyl, propyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, propyl, benzyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl; R₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl; Y is methylene; Z is a bond; R₄, R₅, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently hydrogen or fluoro; R₅ and R₁₀ are independently selected from the group consisting of benzyloxy, 5-bromo-2fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-3-fluorophenoxy, 3-bromobenzyloxy, 4-bromophenoxy, 4-butoxyphenoxy, 3-chlorobenzyloxy, 2-chlorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3ethylphenoxy, 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 3-chloro-4-ethylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenylamino, 5-chloropyrid-3-yloxy, cyclobutoxy, cyclobutyl, cyclohexylmethoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclopropylmethoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorobenzyl, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,3-difluorobenzyloxy, 3,5-difluorobenzyloxy, difluoromethoxy, 3,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorophenoxy, 2,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,5-difluorophenoxy, 3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy, 3-dimethylaminophenoxy, 3,4-dimethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-dimethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, 3-ethylbenzyloxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 4-ethylaminophenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxy, 2-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 3-fluoro-4-methylphenoxy, 3-fluorophenoxy, 3-fluoro-2-nitrophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 2-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 2-fluorobenzyloxy, 4-fluorophenylamino, 2-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl, 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, isobutoxy, isobutyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, isopropoxy, 3-isopropylbenzyloxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, isopropylthio, 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenoxy, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 4-methoxyphenylamino, 3-methylbenzyloxy, 4-methylbenzyloxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-methyl-4-methylthiophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpyrid-5-yloxy, 4-methylthiophenoxy, 2-naphthyloxy, 2-nitrophenoxy, 4-nitrophenoxy, 3-nitrophenyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropyl, phenoxy, phenylamino, 1-phenylethoxy, 4-propylphenoxy, 4-propoxyphenoxy, thiophen-3-yl, tert-butoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 4-tert-butylphenoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2,3,4-trifluorophenoxy, 2,3,5-trifluorophenoxy, 3,4,5-trimethylphenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylthiobenzyloxy, and trifluoromethylthio; R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, hydrogen, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, and trifluoromethyl; R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said compound is of Formula II:

wherein; R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, isopropyl, propyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and hydroxymethyl; R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently hydrogen or fluoro; R₅ is selected from the group consisting of phenoxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy; R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-furyl, 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxymethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethylthio; R₆ and R₁₁ are independently fluoro or hydrogen; R₇ and R₁₂ are independently hydrogen or fluoro.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said compound is of Formula II, wherein; R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, isopropyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, benzyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl; R₂ is hydrogen; R₄, R₈, R₉, and R₁₃ are independently hydrogen or fluoro; R₅ is selected from the group consisting of phenoxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3-difluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 3-ethyl-5-methylphenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-tert-butylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenoxy, 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy), 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 3-trifluoromethylthiophenoxy; R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2,-tetrafluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethyl, and trifluoromethyl; R₆ and R₁₁ are independently selected from the group consisting of fluoro and hydrogen; R₇ and R₁₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and fluoro.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of: 1-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl[[3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 2-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl[[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy )phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl[[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]-amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl[[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoroethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-[(3-trifluoroethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol]; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol; 2-[(3-phenoxy)phenyl[[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 2-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-1-(cyclopropyl)ethanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; b 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]-amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[3-(pentafluoroethyl)phenyl]methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol; and 1-[[3-(3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl][[(3-trifluoromethylthio)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-butanol. 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-pentanol; 1-[[3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-phenyl-2-propanol; and 1-[[3-(3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl][[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-methyl]amino]-3-phenyl-2-propanol.
 6. The method of claim 1 further characterized by treating coronary artery disease in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 7. The method of claim 1 further characterized by preventing coronary artery disease in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 8. The method of claim 1 further characterized by preventing cerebral vascular accident (CVA) in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 9. The method of claim 1 further characterized by treating or preventing dyslipidemia in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 